Dr. Fraser Ch. 1 Psych Terms

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behavioral approach

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Personality theories based on the assumption that human behavior is determined mainly by what a person has learned in life, especially by the rewards and punishments the person has experienced in interacting with other people. According to this approach, the consistency of people's learning histories, not an inner personality structure, produce characteristic behavior patterns.

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biological approach

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a view in which behavior and behavior disorders are seen as the result of physical processes, especially those relating to the brain and to hormones and other chemicals.

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biological psychologists

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psychologists who analyze the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes.

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clinical psychlogists

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psychologist who seek to assess, understand, and correct abnormal abnormal behavior.

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Cognitive approach

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a way of looking at human behavior tht emphasizes research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and retrieves memories, processes information, and generates integrated patterns of actions.

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Cognitive psycholgists

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psychologists whose research focus is on the analysis of the mental processes underlying judgement, decision making, promblem solving, imagining, and other aspects of human thought or cognition.

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Community psychologists

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Psychologists who work to obtain psychological services for people in need of help and to prevent psychological disorders by working for change in social systems.

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Counseling psychologists

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psychologist who help people cope with problems of everyday living.

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Culture

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the accumulation of values, rules of behavior, forms of expression, religious beliefs, ocupations and the like for a group of people who share a common language and environment.

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Developmental psychologists

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Psychologists who seek to understand, describe and explore how behavior and mental processes change over the course of a lifetime.

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educational psychologists

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psychologists who study methods by which instructors teach and students learn, and who apply their results to improving such methods.

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environmental psychologists

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pyschologists who study the effects of the physical environment on behavior and mental processes.

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etholgists

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scientists who study animals in their natural environment to observe how enivronmental cues affect behavior.

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evolutionary approach

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an approach to psychology that emphasizes the inherited, adpative aspects of behavior and mental processes.

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experimental psychologists

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psychologists who conduct experiments aimed at understanding learning, memory, perception and other basic behavioral and mental processes.

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health psychologists

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psychologists who study the effects of of behavior and mental processes on health and illness, and vice-versa.

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humanistic approach

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an approach to psycholgy that views behavior as controlled by the decisions that people make about their lives based on their perceptions of the world.

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industrial/organizational psychologists

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psychologists who study ways to improve efficiency, productivity, and satisfaction among workers and the organizations that employ them.

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personality psychologists

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psychologists who focus on the unique characteristics that determine individuals' behavior.

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physiological psychololgist

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psychologists who seek to understand how the body affects behaviors.

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psychodynamic approach

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a view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings and behavior.

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psychology

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the science of behavior and mental processes.

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quantitative psychologists

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psychologists who develop statistical methods for evaluating and analyzing data from psychological research.

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school psychologists

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psychologists who tests IQs, diagnose students' academic problems, and set up programs to improve students' achievement.

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social psychologists

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psychologists who study how people influence one another's behavior and attitudes, especially in groups.

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sport psychologists

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psychologists who explore the relationships between athletic performance and such psychological variables as motivation and emotion.