Dr. Cain A&p1

Front 1

Homeostasis

Back 1

the body’s ability to maintain equilibrium (balance) within its dynamic internal and external environments. It is how the body responds to its constantly changing conditions.

Front 2

Integumentary system

Back 2

Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.)receptors and sweat and oil glands.

Front 3

Skeletal system

Back 3

Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals

Front 4

Muscular system

Back 4

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat

Front 5

Nervous system

Back 5

As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

Front 6

what happens if homeostasis is not maintained

Back 6

Disorder –Abnormality of body structure or function • Myopia-longer than normal eyeball

Disease –Any illness of the body • Cancer-overgrowth of cells that alter tissue/organ function

Death

Front 7

Survival Needs of the body

Back 7

1. Nutrients

2. Oxygen

3. Water

4. Normal body temperature

5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure

Front 8

Anatomy

Back 8

Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Front 9

Physiology

Back 9

Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities

Front 10

Anatomy and Physiology

Together

Front 11

Necessary functions of LIFE

Back 11

1. Maintaining boundaries

2. Movement

3. Responsiveness

4. Digestion

5. Metabolism

6. Excretion

7. Reproduction

8. Growth

Front 12

Maintaining Boundaries

Back 12

Separation between internal and external environments must exist

Front 13

Movement

Back 13

–Muscles-muscle cells contract and extend –Cells-lymphocytes roam to find pathogens –Proteins-move to perform actions

Front 14

Responsiveness

Back 14

Ability to sense and respond to stimuli

Front 15

Digestion

Back 15

Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs, followed by absorption of simple molecules into blood

Front 16

Metabolism

Back 16

All chemical reactions that occur in body cell

Front 17

Excretion

Back 17

Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion

• Urea (from breakdown of proteins)

• carbon dioxide (from metabolism)

• feces (unabsorbed foods)

Front 18

Reproduction

Back 18

• Cells divide • Organismal level-production of offspring by sexual reproduction –Fusion of sperm and egg

Front 19

Growth

Back 19

• We are multicellular

• Increase in size by increasing cell number.

Front 20

Nutrients

Back 20

• Chemicals for energy and cell building

–Carbohydrates: major source of energy

–Proteins: needed for cell building and cell chemistry

–Fats: long-term energy storage

–Minerals and vitamins: involved in chemical reactions as well as for structural purposes

Front 21

Oxygen

Back 21

• Essential for release of energy from foods –Used in aerobic cellular respiration

Front 22

Water

Back 22

• Most abundant chemical in body

–Provides environment needed for chemical reactions

–fluid base for secretions and excretions

Front 23

Normal Body Temperature

Back 23

Goes below or above 37°C, rates of chemical reactions are affected

Front 24

Appropriate Atmospheric Pressure

Back 24

• Specific pressure of air is needed for adequate breathing and gas exchange in lungs

• Too low?

–Altitude Sickness-mountain climbing • Affects rate of diffusion of gasses

–Space • No pressure, water vaporizes…

• Too High?

–Nitrogen Narcosis-Divers • Nitrogen builds up in tissues

Front 25

Superior (Cranial)

Back 25

toward the head end or toward the upper part of a body structure

Front 26

Inferior (caudal)

Back 26

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a body structure

Front 27

Anterior (ventral)

Back 27

– front side of a body structure

Front 28

Posterior (dorsal)

Back 28

– back side of a body structure

Front 29

Medial

Back 29

– toward or at the midline of a body structure

Front 30

Lateral

Back 30

– away from the midline of a body structure

Front 31

Intermediate

Back 31

between the medial and lateral aspects of a body structure

Front 32

Proximal

Back 32

– closer to the body trunk or origin of a body structure

Front 33

Distal

Back 33

– farther from the body trunk or origin of a body structure

Front 34

Superficial (external) –

Back 34

toward or at the surface of a body structure

Front 35

Deep (internal)

Back 35

– away from the surface of a body structure

Front 36

Sagittal planes – midsagittal (median) plane and parasagittal plane

Back 36

midsagittal (median) plane and parasagittal plane

Front 37

Frontal (coronal) plane

Front 38

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Front 39

Crainal cavity

Back 39

brain

Front 40

vertebral cavity

Back 40

spine

Front 41

Thoracic cavity

Back 41

esophagus, trachea, primary bronchi

Front 42

Pericardial cavity

Back 42

heart

Front 43

pleural cavity (2)

Back 43

lung in each cavity

Front 44

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 44

abdominal and pelvic cavities

Front 45

abdominal cavity

Back 45

Stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, spleen, small intestine, portions of large intestine, adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, small part of esophagus

Front 46

pelvic cavity

Back 46

Urinary bladder, portion of large intestine (rectum), reproductive organs

Front 47

levels of organization

smallest to largest

Back 47

Atoms

molecules

organelles

cells

tissues

organs

organ systems

organism