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61 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
purposes to deliver drugs to the lungs
local effect

systemic effect
why is using the lung used for systemic effect
has large SA

no 1st pass effect
a drug liq is instilled into the trachea for distribution deeper into the lung
intratracheal instillation
how can aerosals be delivered
intratracheally

oral inhalation
most common method for lung med
aerosal
methods of pulm drug delivery
intratracheal instillation

aerosol inhalation
types of oral aerosols
inhalers: propellant-driven and dry powders

nebulizers: air-jet and ultrasonic
upper airway includes
nose

nasal cavity
name the conduction airways and resp unit
segmental bronchi

nonresp bronchioles

resp bronchioles

alveolar ducts

alveoli
at the branching of the trachea the airways progressively decrease in ----
caliber/diameter
the primary function to conduct air to the resp region changes to --- ---
gas exchange
pulm epithelia include
upper airway and tracheobronchial tree

alveoli
what type of cells in the upper airway and tracheobronchial tree
ciliarted epithelia
what areas are lined w/ pseduostratified CILIATED columnar epithelial cells along w/ goblet cells
nasal cavity

nasopharynx

larynx

trachea

bronchi
what makes mucus
goblet
mucus in the lungs is similar to the mucus in the -- ---
nasal cavity

traps foreign particles

prevents epithelial dehydration
mucus covers the epithelia from the ---- to the terminal ----- and is moved upwards by the cilia towards the ----- from which it's swallowed
trachea

bronchioles

pharynx
this is an effective cleaning mechanism that traps and removes particles
mucociliary escalator
at the alveolar --- --- increase dramatically and the distance to the --- is very short
surface area

circulation
what engulfs particles in the lungs
macrophages
what type of alveoli is flat, short, so it's a short distance to pass
Type 1
oral inhalation meds will produce a ---- ---- of particles taht will travel thru mouth to the lungs
repirable cloud
the drug will either be the particles themselves ---- or will be contained in them
particles
drugs in the oropharynx is most likely to go to the
GI tract
fate of tracheobronchial region
1. mucociliary escalator

2. lung enzymes will break down

3. permeate the epithelium

4. systemically absorbed
how will drugs permeate the epithelium in the lungs
primarily thru passive diffusion
when drugs removed via mucociliary escalator what occurs next
up to pharynx then swallowed
the surface lining layer covers epithelium w/ an ---- ---- and alveolar ----
amorphous hypophase

surfactants
in the alveoli the drug is deposited in the
surface lining layer (SLL)
what will be engulfed by macrophages in the alveoli
high MW drugs and particles
after the macrophages engulf what occurs
they migrate to the Mucociliary escalator or they are absorbed
some drug in the alveoli will be absorbed in the ----- ----
systemic circulation w/ no 1st pass effect
this is caused by the tendency of particles to move in a straight direction, instead of following the moving airstream
inertial impaction
sedimentation is where particles deposit under the force of -----
gravity
in sedimentation the particles fall out of the moving airstream when air ---- down
slows
this mech of deposition is where the particles diffuse to the depostion sites
diffusion
mech of aerosol deposition
1. inertial impaction

2. sedimentation

3. diffusion
the primary aerosol related factors affecting particle deposition are ---- and ---
size

speed
aerosol particles are measured by their ---- diameter which takes into consideration:
aerodynamic

1. particle size

2. particle shape

3. particle density
the smaller the particle the --- they go
deeper
if the particles are more than 10 um what occures
extrathroacic

particles are too big and impact in the oropharynx or upper airway
particles 5-10 impact in the ----
upper tracheobronchial

impact and settle in the upper airways
particles 1-5 um impact in the
bronchioles

alveolar ducts

alveoli
1-5 um settle and --- as the air slows down
diffuse
submicron go where
alveoli

exhalation of particle
because submicron are so small what should the pt do
hold breath
the most import size, is a good target for asthma drugs
1-5 um
increased/ decreased particle velocity favors deposition by impaction
increased
increased particle velocity favors deposition by --------
impaction
the particle can't stay w/ ---- airstream
bending
what about the breathing pattern will affect the particle deposition
rate

depth
for small respirable particles (1-5) what favors tracheobronchial deposition
rapid/shallowing breathing
what type of breathing favors deeper penetration of respirable particles
slow/deep breathing
holding the breath favors deposition by ----- and -----
sedimentation

diffusion
holding the breath minimizes ---- of particles
exhalation
diseases that can afect the ---- and ---- of the airway can affect aerosol flow thru lungs
caliber

tortuisity
pulmonary drug delivery is known for it's ----- efficiency
poor

about 80-95% ends up in the GI tract
aerosol particles are in size ----, w/ a significant fration of large particles so this may impact where?
distribution

the back of the throat
rapid aerosol release favor impaction in the --- - ---- ----
back of the mouth
bad inhalation will impact where
the back of the mouth
name some things that are suboptimal in aerosol release
large particles: back of throat

fast: back of mouth

bad inhalation tech: back of mouth