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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did the Indians think of the colonists?
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1)Peace and harmony at first
2)Traded goods 3)Indians owed their lives to the Indians because they shared valuable knowledge on hunting, fishing and planting crops. |
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Did the peace between the Colonists and the Indians last? Why?
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No. The peace was fragile. The main conflict was over land. There were soon two bloody and brutal wars.
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When was the first war between the colonists & the Indians? What was it called?
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1637.
The Pequot War. |
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Where was the Pequot War?
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Pequot villages in Conneticut River Valley.
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Who won the Pequot War?
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The colonists. The Indians were nearly wiped out.
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When was the second war between the colonists & the Indians? What was it called?
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1675
King Phillip's War |
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Who was the Indian's leader? Did he have another name?
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Chief Massasoit’s son, Metacom. Yes, King Phillip.
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Why was King Phillip called that by the English?
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Metacom was called King Phillip by the English because he had adopted European dress & customs.
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Did only the Indians scalp?
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No. Some colonists scalped Indians as well, referring to it as "controlling the Indian problem." Also, some colonies offered rewards for dead Indians or scalps.
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Why did some colonists live with the Indians?
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From the time the Indians & Europeans first met Indians took some colonists as captives. Some were slaves, but some were adopted into the tribe.
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Who was the most famous colonist adopted into an Indian tribe? What is her story?
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Eunice Williams. Lived with family in Deerfield, Massachusetts. Her village had been raided & burned several times. In 1704 Mohawk & Abenaki raiders burned her village & captured survivors. The marched them hundreds of miles to Canada. Eunice was separated from her family on the trek. Her family was freed 2 years later, but Eunice wasn't seen until she was 16. She had married an Indian man & couldn't be convinced to come home. She visited Massachussetss several times, but she lived with her adopted tribe until she died at the age of 89.
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Did Daniel Boone wear a coonskin cap?
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No, even though he is depicted as such in movies & books.
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What was Daniel Boone's occupation? What did he do exactly?
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He was a frontiersman. He was one of the first "long hunters" or "mountain men" that lived in the mountains for years at a time, hunting for animal skins.
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Was Daniel Boone a friend or foe to the Indians?
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Both. He was a friend to some, a foe to others. He was captured several times by Indians & either escaped or was released.
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What was one of Boone's most important jobs? When did he do it?
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Opening Wilderness Road through the narrow Cumberland Gap in the Appalachian Mountains. 1775
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Why was it important for Boone to accomplish this task of the trail?
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This trail led settlers from North Carolina to Kentucky.
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How did Daniel Boone accomplish this big job?
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Working with 30 other men, he cleared a trail by rolling big rocks away, hacking down bush & trees.
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How did settlers know which way to go on the trail?
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Daniel Boone put "blazes" or marks on trees.
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How long was the Wilderness Road trail?
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300 miles.
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What was at the end of the Wilderness Road trail?
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A town called Boonesborough named after Daniel Boone.
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In 1800, how many settlers were there west of the Appalachian Mountains? Compared to the Indian population, how many settlers were there?
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700,000.
Settlers outnumbered Indians in the area 8 to 1. |
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What is the best pet for a free and democratic society? Explain.
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A "watchdog"! It refers to a free press that informs the public if and when its government officials are doing something wrong.
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What does "free press" mean?
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Free press is media (nprint, TV, radio, internet) not restricted or controlled by government censorship regarding politics or ideology.
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Why is "free press" so important in protecting the general public?
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1)A free press, or free media, means that government officials & powerful people risk a great deal to take advantage of their power & influence because the public will find out about it &
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What can the general public do about the misdeeds of government officials when they find out about them?
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The public can remove or vote them out of office, and possible bring charges against them.
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How is the free press important in protecting its citizens from businesses that do wrong against the public? Give examples.
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1)A free press allows anyone to inform the public when businesses are doing things that harm the public.
2)Examples might be pollution from a factory, hiring slave labor or breaking labor laws, mislabeling products so that people are eating something that they don't want to eat. |
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Don't all countries have a free press? Explain ( 3 parts)
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No. 1)Many countries suppress information that makes the government look bad. 2)Some countries control every piece of news that their citizens receive, print, radio, TV, even on the internet.
3)Many countries have laws against criticizing the government, and you can be jailed or killed for speaking out against the government. |
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Are there any instances in a free press society where publishing statements are illegal?
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Yes, in the case of libel.
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What is libel?
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Libel is a published statement that unjustly says something bad about a person and thereby causes him or her harm. Ex: loss of a job.
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What happened in 1735 to a New York printer named John Peter Zenger?
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He was put on trial for libel.
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What did John Peter Zenger publish about the governor of New York?
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Zenger printed that the royal governor of New York took bribes, stole people's land, and rigged elections. Saying those things were harmful to the governor, but the allegations were true.
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What did the laws in the colony say about saying something bad or negative about the king of England or his reprensatives in the colonies?
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It was against the law to say anything bad about the King of England or his representatives in the colonies.
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What did Zenger's lawyer argue?
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Zenger's lawyer argued that his client could not be convicted because everything he printed was true.
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What did the jury say about Zenger's defense?
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The jury agreed. They acquitted him.
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What does "acquitted" mean in the court system?
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To free or clear from a charge or accusation.
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Why was the jury's decision so important? 3 parts
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1)The jurors didn't feel bound to English civil law, even though they were British citizens.
2)This case also laid the foundation for our freedom of the press by saying that true statements cannot be considered libel. 3)The freedom to speak out was an important weapon in the protests that led up to the American Revolution. |
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Who fought the French & Indian War?
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The French & their allies, the Indians, fought AGAINST the British.
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What is an ally? How is an ally identified officially?
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A political friend who does business with you, helps you in times of need, and often aids you in war. This is usually formalized in written treaties.
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Why was the French and Indian War fought?
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Because both the British & French claimed the same valuable land around the Great Lakes and Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Whoever won the war would dominate the continent.
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Why did the Indians align themselves with the French against the British? Explain the differences between the French relationship with the Indianas and the British relationship with them.
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Because they were the lesser of two evils.
1)The French wanted to primarily trade & trap beaver, not colonize and take over land. 2)French missionaries lived with the Indians, learned their customs and language, whereas the British generally took over land, ignored their culture, mistreated the Indians. |
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How many British citizens were there compared to the French in the colonies at the start of the French and Indian War?
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There were about 1,500,000 British citizens & about 90,000 French citizens.
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The French were winning the war in the beginning. Why?
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Even though the French were outnumbered, they were better fighters and had most of the Indians on their side.
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When were the first shots of the French and Indian War? Where?
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1754.
Fort Duquesne in western Pennysylvania. |
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Who fired those first shots?
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A young Lieutenant Colonel named George Washington and about 150 men.
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Why were those first shot's fired?
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George Washington had been sent to Fort Duquesne in western Pennysylvania to force the French out of British Territory.
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Was George Washington successful in his first campaign of the French and Indian War?
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No. The French defeated them quickly.
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When was the second battle of the French and Indian War?
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A year after the first, in 1755.
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Who led the second battle?
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British General Edward Braddock with George Washington under his command.
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Did the British win that battle? How did it end?
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The British were defeated again. Braddock died & Washington escaped after two horses were shot out from under him. Four bullet holes were found in his coat.
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Who took over the British army & when?
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William Pitt in 1758.
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How did Pitt change the course of the war?
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Pitt appointed new commanders, won a string of victories and eventually won the war.
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What was the treaty that was signed after the French and Indian War called? When was it signed?
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The Treaty of Paris.
1763 |
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What was the end result of the French and Indian War in terms of territory?
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The French lost all of their territory except two tiny islands off of the coast of Canada. The French territory west of the Mississippi River went to Spain and everything else, Canada, America east of the Mississippi and some Caribbean islands all went to the British.
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How did the French and Indian War affect George Washington?
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It made him famous.
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Was George Washington a brilliant general with great strategies to win?
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No.
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What was George Washington's strength as a leader?
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He inspired his poorly trained, poorly clothed and poorly fed soldiers to victory.
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