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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In community surveys, what is a frequent symptom of malnutrition?
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low hemoglobin
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Which is the least common symptom in the elderly: osteomalacia, osteoporosis, obesity, hypertension?
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osteomalacia (softening of the bones)
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What is included in the study of demographics?
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age, sex, socioeconomic factors
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A patient is on a high protein, low car diet. What advice should you offer?
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increase fluid intake
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An insulin-dependent diabetic calls with symptoms of nausea, vomiting and anorexia. What should you recommend?
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Continue with insulin and drink anything you can
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What are normal ranges for h/h for men, women and children?
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Hemoglobin:
m: 14-17 w: 12-15 c: 14 Hematocrit: m: 44% w: 33% c: 39% |
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Why is an alcoholic patient with low serum albumin, low hemoglobin, high ammonia, abnormal liver function tests and ascites on a 500mg sodium diet?
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hypoalbuminemia
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In addition to avoiding grains with gluten forming potential, what nutritional advice should be given the those with Celiac Disease?
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IM b12 and iron
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What type of diet does a patient with Crohn's disease need?
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low fat only with steatorrhea, vitamin C, B12, high kcal, high protein according to current BMI
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How many ml of water per kg is recommended for the elderly?
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30 ml
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According to the exchange list, when substituting 2% milk for skim milk, you must omit how many fat exchanges?
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1
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What is a Billroth II surgery and why does steatorrhea often result?
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Stomach is connected to the first part of the jejunum in a side-by-side manner, steatorrhea often results because of lack of pancreatic secretion due to less duodenal hormone secretion
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Meats cure with whey won't be tolerated by someone with:
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lactose intolerance
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Chemically defined formulas are used for patients with what?
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short bowel syndrome
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A patient with hepatitis needs a high protein intake, what 2 purposes does this serve?
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1. helps the liver regenerate
2. helps prevent a fatty liver |
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Which agency would you contact regarding food distribution?
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USDA
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What has the greatest effect on renal solute load?
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Protein
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Which fiber is not in the diet: cellulose, hemicellulose, amylose, pectin?
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amylose
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What is the diet for hypertension?
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low sodium (see also: DASH)
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The NHANES study looks at which parameters (choose all that apply): nutritional, clinical, biochemical?
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nutritional, clinical, biochemical
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What is a major reason for constipation in the elderly?
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decreased gastric motility
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What may be the cause of loose stools in a tube fed patient?
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1. feeding administered at too high a rate
2. inadequate amount of intestinal surface area |
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What weight gain amount during the last half of pregnancy puts women at risk?
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less than 4 lb/mo
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Which hormone moves milk through the mammary ducts?
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oxytocin
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List common gastric irritants.
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black pepper, chili powder, caffeine, alcohol, cocoa
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Where are the hormones that control blood pressure and blood components produced?
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kidneys
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Ingesting what would create acid ash?
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corn, cranberries
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What are symptoms of nephrosis?
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albuminuria, hypercholesteroemia
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What is IDDM and what is the nutritional therapy in a lean person?
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insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, time meals
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The diet for galactosemia should exclude:
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organ meats, MSG
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What does a ketogenic diet treat?
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seizures
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What theory of obesity refers to receptors in the hypothalamus?
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glucostatic theory
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What is the VMA test diet and what does it measure?
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vanillyl mandelic acid test, measures total catecholamines
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What amount of fecal excretion per 24 hours is considered fat malabsorption?
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more than 7g
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What are the similarities between WIC and food stamps?
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regulated by USDA, have income criteria
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The immobilized state can lead to low levels of what?
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albumin and calcium
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A cholesterol level of 240mg would be treated first with?
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diet
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An infant formula for lactose intolerance might include:
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casein hydrolysate, corn oil, glucose, soy protein, corny syrup solids
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Fiber, like that found in oats, beans and bran cereals, results in:
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increased water absorption from the intestine
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A patient suffering from bulimia may have all the following except: sore throat, dental problems, extreme weight loss, rectal bleeding?
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extreme weight loss
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What might be the result of a patient who is unable to synthesize urea?
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elevated ammonia levels
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What should be included when instructing a patient on an MAOI?
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Avoid: hard, aged cheese (cheddar, swiss), sauerkraut, some sausages, lunch meat, tofu, miso, pepperoni
Restrict: aged, fermented, dried, pickled, smoked, spoiled foods, sour cream, yogurt, buttermilk Ok: cottage cheese, cream cheese, ricotta cheese, farmers cheese |
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Catecholamines have what physiologic effect?
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cause sodium retention
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What are normal serum levels of albumin?
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3.5-5g/dl
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What might a starved person expect when they first start eating?
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increased workload on the heart
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Which formula is high in calories, low in protein: AminAid, Osmolite, Sustacal, Jevity?
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AminAid
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What is the allowance for Food Stamps based on?
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USDA Thrifty Food Program
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A poor, healthy 19 year old mother is unsure how to feed her 4 year old child. Which program may offer her the most help?
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EFNEP
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What correlates best with energy intake: lean body mass, triceps skin fold, BMI, weight?
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weight
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Which fiber is insoluble in water: pectin, gums, hemicellulose, polysaccharides?
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hemicellulose
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Providing only a 5% dextrose in water solution after stress might result in what?
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hypoalbuminemia
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Which section of the intestine is mostly likely to be involved in Crohn's disease: duodenum, jejunum, ileum?
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ileum
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What is an appropriate measure for iron status in a local community?
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hematocrit
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Which of the following may help decrease cavities: raisins, carrots, cheese, yogurt?
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cheese
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Which of the following diseases may lead to anemia: myocardial infarction, galactosemia, renal failure, diabetes mellitus?
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renal failure
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Where would you go to learn about prenatal problems in the community?
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WIC
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What letter designates that a product is Kosher?
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U
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The stasis of pancreatic juice and bile could result in (select all that apply): autodigestion, fat malabsorption, obstructive jaundice
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autodigestion, fat malabsorption, obstructive jaundice
stasis = slowing or stopage |
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What is a nutritional side effect of antidepressants?
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excess weight gain
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What medication is affected by serum sodium levels: lithium, mellaril, valproate, tetracycline?
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lithium
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Homocystinurias are associated with low levels of what vitamins?
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folate, B6, B12
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Which of the following is permitted on a diet restricting tyramine: a)hard cheese like cheddar or swiss, b)uncured cheese like cottage, ricotta, c)pickled or smoked foods, d) tofu
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b) uncured cheese like cottage or ricotta
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If a patient has a biochemical block in the formation of urea, what will accumulate in the blood?
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ammonia
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What is the main goal for a DM2 obese person with persistent hyperglycemia: weight loss or control of serum glucose levels?
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control of serum glucose levels
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What types of foods contain phytochemicals?
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fruits, vegetables, grains
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What diet is restricted in carbohydrates: reactive hypoglycemia, diabetes, PKU, galactosemia?
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reactive hypoglycemia
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Compare the fat, protein and carbohydrate composition of whole milk to breast milk.
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Breast milk is lower in protein, higher in carbohydrate and fat
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What is restricted in a diet for hepatic encephalopathy?
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protein, sodium, fluid
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What best measures excess calorie reserves: weight, creatinine, triceps skinfold, arm circumferences?
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triceps skinfold
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