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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is osteochondrosis? |
a disease of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, involving abnormal endochondral ossification along with osteochondral junction. |
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What disease is a clinical manifestation of OC with a separation of the osteochondral junction. |
Osteochondrosis dessicans |
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What type of lesion is under a defect in the cartilage that is acting as a one way valve? |
Subchondral bone cyst - this traps fluid and leads to an increase in pressure and necrosis of the bone
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What the heck is a dirt lesion? |
A common site for OCD - the Distal Intermediate Ridge of the Talus (DIRT) |
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What other regions in the hock are prone to OCD lesions? |
lateral trochlear ridge of the talus, medial malleolus, medial trochlear ridge of talus |
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What place in the stifle is prone to OCD |
lateral trochlear ridge of the distal femur, patella, medial femoral condyle *cyst* and the medial trochlear ridge of the femur. |
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Where in the shoulder does OCD occur most often? |
the caudal humeral head. |
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Where in the fetlock does OCD occur most often? |
distal condyle of MC3/MT3, saggital ridge, +/- palmar proximal P1 |
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Where are some other odd areas that OCD occur? |
elbow, growth plates and cervical vertebrae. |
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What is the most important factor for development of OCD? |
Rapid growth rate |
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What part of the diet are we concerned about re: development of OCD? |
High plane of nutrition/high concentrate/energy diet. |
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What kind of breeds are predisposed to OCD? |
Warmbloods, Standardbreds, South German coldbloods, Hanoverian warmbloods, Dutch warmbloods. |
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Can exercise influence the number of OCD lesions that develop? |
No |
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What period of time in a foals life does the # of OC lesions occur in? |
5-11 months old. |
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What happens to collagen type II in OCD? |
DECREASES |
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What happens to collagen type I in OCD? |
INCREASES |
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Proteoglycan content _______ and Matrix metalloproteinase expression _____________ |
DECREASES, Increases |
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What do we use to dx OCD? |
Signalment, Hx, CxS, lameness exam, rads and diagnostic arthroscopy |
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Who shows OCD? |
young, fast growing horses, usually aged 6m-2 y |
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What are the CxS of OCD? |
increased exercise *hx of) --> joint swelling, lameness, joint effusion, mild to severe lameness (and some may not show any lameness) |
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What diagnostic method do you utilize if the classic signs and Hx are there but the rads do not show OCD/OC? |
Diagnostic arthoscopy (show the cartilage damage that is there even if there is minimal bone damage) |
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How young are the classic patients for OCD/OC? |
6 months to 2 years |
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What samples can we collect to check for early biomarkers for OCD development? |
Serum and synovial fluid
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At 5 months old, collagen degradation has ________ correlation with OCD |
Positive |
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At 11 months old, collagen degradation has ______ correlation with OCD development? |
NEGATIVE |
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What biomarker of bone mineralization is high in those 2 weeks old that are predisposed to early OCD? |
Osteocalcin |
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When do we want to dx OCD in order to be able to do medical management/prevention |
by 5-11 months old. |
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What is the number one thing that we can do for foals who are starting to show signs of OCD? |
Decrease the plane of nutrition. |
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What surgical treatment is the best for repair? |
ARthroscopy - go in and take out the cartilage flaps, expose healthy bleeding bone and use ancillary treatments as needed. |
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What size of flap would be okay to try a PDS pin on? |
> 2 cm with at least 50% of the circumference still attached. |
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What are the other ancillary treatments that can be done for OCD? |
Chondrocyte/fibrin grafting; Micorpicking subchondral bone; Mosaicplasty; stem cell therapy. |
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In the hock - what treatments do you usually need to do? |
Removal of flaps and curette under arthroscopy
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In the femur/patella what treatments are you usually using? |
Debridement + ancillary tx
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What is the minimum recovery time needed for a post op OCD? |
at least 6 weeks (may need up to 12 months if a STIFLE) |
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How long is the bandage left on post op? |
3 weeks if possible |
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What is the px for this with a moderate to severe OCD lesion? |
Guarded for return to soundness |
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What is the px for those will mild to moderate OCD lesions? |
favorable for return to athletic activity |
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Which joint has the worst px? |
Stifle, shoulder. |
