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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solar Keratosis
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AKA Actinic Keratosis
Precancerous condition related to sun exposure Symptoms: Scaly or rough lesions Grayish-white (maybe pigmented area) Common in white patients |
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Keratoacanthoma
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Rapid growing tumor
Low grade malignancy Spontaneous resolution Symptoms: Round nodule with central depression caused by keratin plug |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Most common skin cancers
Slow growing tumor Low grade malignancy Rarely metastasizes Predilection for maxillofacial area Symptoms: Occurs a lot on the nose, upper lip area Nodule with surface red blood vessels on it Focal ulceration sometimes |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Most common malignancy of the mouth and skin
Variety of clinical presentations Symptoms: Red-white ulcerated area |
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Melanoma
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Consists of 5% of all skin cancers
Metastasize fast ABCD criteria Can develop from preexisting mole or nevus Symptoms: Rapidly changing Growing Changing color Elevating Looking asymmetrical |
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ABCD criteria
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A: Asymmetry
B: Irregular borders C: Variable colors D: Diameter (greater than 6mm - pencil eraser) |
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Exraoral skin findings in order of increasing concern
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Solar Keratosis
Keratoacanthoma Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Melanoma |
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Seborrheic Keratosis
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Skin condition
Common after age 40 Not due to sun No risk for skin cancer Raised growth on the skin Waxy "stuck on" appearance May be multiple Common in African American patients |
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What is the most common congenital lateral neck mass
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branchial cleft cyst
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What is the most common congenital midline next mass?
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Thyroglossal duct cyst
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Inflammatory Lymph Node symptoms
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Often painful, concurrent with infection and associated with fever
Not associated with weight loss Presents in younger patients Often tender, rubbery and mobile Not usually rock hard Smaller than 2cm |
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Neoplastic Lymph Node symptoms
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Not usually painful, concurrent with infection or associated with a fever
Often associated with weight loss, and high risk factors Presents in older patients Often rock hard, fixed and occasionally rubbery. Not usually tender Larger than 2cm |
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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Cancer of lymph tissue
Stays confined to the lymph nodes Easier to treat and has a better prognosis |
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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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Cancer of lymph tissue
Spreads out beyond the lymph nodes Harder to treat than Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
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Metastatic Carcinoma in Lymph Nodes
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Firm to palpitation
Non-moveable Greater than 2cm |
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Branchial Cleft Cyst
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Most common congenital lateral neck mass
Upon palpitation: Feels fluctuant if fluid filled or Feels soft and compressible if filled with keratin Slow growing Cyst moves upon swallowing Often removed due to chance of perforation and fistula formation |
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Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
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Most common congenital midline neck mass
Upon palpitation: Feels fluctuant if fluid filled or Feels soft and compressible if filled with keratin Slow growing Cyst moves upon swallowing Often removed due to chance of perforation and fistula formation |
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Goiter
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Thyroid mass
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Vermillion border
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Interface between the skin of the lip and the mucosa of the lip
Uniform dark pink color |
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Fordyce Granules
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Variant of normal
Sebaceous glands Presets as rough nodules on the extraoral lips, buccal ad labial mucosa |
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Actinic cheilitis
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AKA Farmer's Lip
Common oral lesion of the lips Pre-malignant condition Inflammation of the lip related to the sun Symptoms: Starts as white spot then ulcerates when gets bigger Mottled grey/pink color of vermillion Blurred interface between vermillion and skin If Induration (firmness) seen, there is Increased rick of squamous cell carcinoma |
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Angular cheilitis
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Common oral lesion
Occurs at commisures of the mouth Often associated with fungal infection, candidiasis or bacteria Symptoms: Erythema or fissuring at commissures Seen in immunocompromised patients (HIV, Sjogrens) and those with vitamin B and iron deficiency Treat with Mycolog Cream 4x daily |
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Herpes Labialis
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Common Oral Lesion
AKA cold sore, fever blister Symptoms: Presents as a crop of fluid-filled vesicles or blisters that have virus particles in them Eventually blisters rupture and crust |
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip
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Usually presents more often on the lower lip than upper
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Submental lymph node triangle
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Rarely involves early except in metastasis from cancer of the lip
Late stage cancers will drain here |
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Mucocele
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Lesion formed when a salivary gland Duct is severed and the mucous salivary gland Secretion spills into the adjacent CT
Forms cyst like structure Bluish, fluctuant, fluid filled Treatment: Surgical removal |
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Tobacco Pouch Keratosis
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Pre-malignant
Dry, firm tissue with white changes in vestibule where snuff kept Redness, ulceration may mean it's changing into cancer |
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Oral Manifestations of Crohn's Disease
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Linear ulcer in vestibule with adhesion
Repeated ulceration and scarring creates adhesion |
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Linea Alba
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Raised white line seen at the level of the occlusal plane that extends anterioposteriorly in the buccal mucosa
Usually bilateral, but variable Histological appearance is epi hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis |
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Leukoedema
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Generalized, translucent, white opalescent appearance of the buccal mucosa due to swelling
Often bilateral, but variable Almost always seen in African american males Stretch the cheek to flatten swollen tissue |
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What is the clinical test for Leukoedema?
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Stretch test
When mucosa pulled, the swelling reduces |
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What is the microscopic characteristic of leukoedema
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Epithelial cells are larger and with clear cytoplasm
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Fibroma
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AKA Traumatic Fibroma, Irritation Fibroma
Bump of tissue found in buccal mucosa. dense, scar-like fibrous CT surfaced by epithelium Could be sessile or pedunculated tissue Could be ulcerated Occurs as a result of chronic trauma |
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What is the histological appearance of Fibroma
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Dense, scar like fibrous CT surface by epithelium
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Lichen Planus
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Radiating white lines in the buccal mucosa called Lichen striae
Autoimmune disorder that also has skin lesions associated |
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Pigmented Papillae
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Affects Fungiform papillae in anterior dorsal tongue
Variant of normal |
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Fissured tongue
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Deep grooves/lines in tongue
Unknown etiology Often associated with geographic tongue Variant of normal |
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Hairy tongue
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Elongated filiform papillae
Asymptomatic Black/brown/green appearance to tongue due to chromogenic bacteria colonization of papilla Papillae are easily stained also May also be due to increased keratinization of papillae Unknown eitiology |
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Geographic tongue
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AKA Benign Migratory Glossitis
Erythematous patches on dorsal and lateral tongue surrounded by white/yellow perimeter Location of patches changes Periods of remission (wks or a month) Patients occasionally complain about burning sensation (treat them with topical steroids and zinc supplements) Unknown etiology but has been associated with psoriasis |
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Median Rhomboid glossitis
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Flat or raised discrete erythematous area in the midline of the posterior dorsal tongue
Associated with candidiasis but still unknown etiology |
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What are the two high risk areas intraorally for squamous cell carcinoma?
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Lateral tongue
Floor of the mouth |
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Traumatic Ulcer
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Often linear or irregular in shape
Ulcerated will have white border around it Corresponds to the source of trauma (broken, sharp tooth) Common on lateral tongue |
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Aphthous ulcer
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AKA canker sore
Type of mouth ulcer on non-keratinized mobile mucosa Presents as painful open sore inside the mouth or upper throat White or yellow areas surrounded by a bright red ring Treat with Clobetasol or Dexamethasone |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Lateral Tongue
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Exophytic (growing outward)
Ulcerated Red/while mass One spot (not in multiple areas) |
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Lingual Varicosities
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Dilated veins found on ventral tongue
Function of aging |
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Mandibular tori
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Outgrowths on the lingual aspect of mandible composed of dense, compact bone
Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern Often bilaterally symmetrical Multilobulated growths |
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Sialolithiasis
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Salivary gland stone
Submandibular salivary gland and Wharton's duct is most prone Stone forms because of debris stagnation and gets colonized by bacteria which califiies the middle Firm to touch Yellow/white nodule Painful |
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Leukoplakia
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Clinical descriptive term
A white plaque-like lesion of the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be diagnosed as a specific disease Requires biopsy More rough, more worry that it's SCC |
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SCC - floor of mouth
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Ulcerated
Firm, thick, indurated, grainy May or may not report pain |
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Nicotinic stomatitis
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Red bumps with white borders on the hard palate
Caused by heavy smoking Due to inflammation of salivary gland duct opening Not pre-malignant Reversible Histology: Hyperkeratosis with inflamed minor salivary glands |
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Denture stomatitis
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Red areas on palate related to fungal infection or wearing dentures at night
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Thermal burn
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Ulcerated lesion on palate
Area of redness |
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Salivary gland tumor
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Found on palate
Large nodule Originates from lateral palate but moves towards midline Feels firm but not bony like torus Ulcerated form may indicate malignancy |
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Maxillary Torus
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AKA Palatal Torus
Exophytic mass of normal compact bone Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern Has to be in the midline |
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Papilloma
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Found in Soft Palate
Bump of tissue, often rough Due to viral lesion - HPV |
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Buccal Exostoses
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Bony projects on maxilla or mandible on buccal side
Variant of normal |
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What are the three common gingival lesions?
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Pyogenic Granuloma
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma |
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Pyogenic granuloma
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Nodular mass on gingiva, interdental papilla
Due to irritation from plaque or calculus int he pocket Bleeds easily Higher predilection in pregnancy patients Definitive diagnosis made under microscope Surgical removal and scale and root planing to prevent recurrence |
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Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
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Nodular mass on gingiva, interdental papilla
Due to irritation from plaque or calculus int he pocket Firm. Forming bone Definitive diagnosis made under microscope Surgical removal and scale and root planing to prevent recurrence |
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Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
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Nodular mass on gingiva, interdental papilla
Due to irritation from plaque or calculus int he pocket Bluish hue to mass Definitive diagnosis made under microscope Surgical removal and scale and root planing to prevent recurrence |
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Amelogenesis Imperfecta
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Defective enamel
Can be hyperplastic enamel (where it completely chips off leaving dentin exposed) |
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Dentinogenesis Imperfect
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Defect dentin
Grayish, shiny, opalescent teeth Associated with osteogenesis imperfecta |
