Dnt -- Renal Disease/urology

Front 1

(T/F) Total calories but not dietary protein intake is correlated positively with increased BPH.

Back 1

False, both are correlated.

Front 2

What EFAs are associated with increased risk of BPH?

Back 2

Arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA. However one study did find lower amounts of these Omega-3s in BPH pts.

Front 3

Dietary fruit and vegetables appear to be protective against BPH. Particularly what family is correlated with reduced risk?

Back 3

Allium family foods

Front 4

(T/F) Bread are associated with increased risk of BPH.

Back 4

True

Front 5

Animal studies have shown that diets containing increased levels of ______ are associated with reduced BPH-like sxs.

Back 5

Isoflavones

Front 6

(T/F) Coffee and smoking are shown to be protective against BPH.

Back 6

False

Front 7

Is there a relationship between sexual activity and risk of BPH?

Back 7

No

Front 8

what are some risk factors for BPH?

Back 8

Obesity, htn, sedentary lifestyle, and hperlipidemia.

Front 9

What are the top-shelf interventions for BPH?

Back 9

1. Saw Palmetto (160 mg bid)
2. Beta-sitosterol (60-130mg/day)
3. Rye pollen extract (Cernilton) - two 63mg caps tid.
4. Pygeum africanum (100mg/day)
5. Lycopene (15mg/day)
6. Ganoderum lucidum (reishi) - 0.6-60mg/day)

Front 10

In the treatment of BPH, saw palmetto only effects cells around what zone of the prostate?

Back 10

the transition zone

Front 11

What is the top-shelf intervention for IgA nephropathy?

Back 11

1. Omega-3 fatty acids (3-6g/day

Front 12

Do patients with IgA nephropathy have hypertention or hypotension?

Back 12

Hypertension

Front 13

What is the dietary recommendation for patients with IgA nephropathy?

Back 13

Low protein diets are recommended either if urinary protein levels are high (>3g/day) or if renal funnction is significantly impaired (creatinine >1.5mg/dl)

Front 14

(T/F) Anti-gliadin antibodies are seen in roughly half of patients with IgA nephropathy.

Back 14

True

Front 15

(T/F) Because anti-gliadin antibodies are seen in pts with IgA nephropathy, a wheat free diet is a good first step.

Back 15

False, wheat elimination here is not helpful

Front 16

What is the top-shelf intervention for IgA nephropathy?

Back 16

1. Omega-3 fatty acids (3-6g/day

Front 17

Do patients with IgA nephropathy have hypertention or hypotension?

Back 17

Hypertension

Front 18

What is the dietary recommendation for patients with IgA nephropathy?

Back 18

Low protein diets are recommended either if urinary protein levels are high (>3g/day) or if renal funnction is significantly impaired (creatinine >1.5mg/dl)

Front 19

(T/F) Anti-gliadin antibodies are seen in roughly half of patients with IgA nephropathy.

Back 19

True

Front 20

(T/F) Because anti-gliadin antibodies are seen in pts with IgA nephropathy, a wheat free diet is a good first step.

Back 20

False, wheat elimination here is not helpful

Front 21

Approximately two-thirds of kidney stones are what type?

Back 21

Calcium oxlate

Front 22

Foods hig in oxalates should be avoided by those with kidney stones. Name foods that are high in oxalates.

Back 22

spinach, greens, chocolate, tea, nuts and strawberries.

Front 23

What type of proteins have been associated with urinary changes associated with increase uric acid and cysteine stone risk?

Back 23

Animal proteins

Front 24

(T/F) Clinical data supports low calcium diets for the prevention of kidney stones.

Back 24

False

Front 25

(T/F) A 17% increase in kidney stone risk was seen in women taking calcium supplements for prevention of osteoporosis.

Back 25

True

Front 26

(T/F) Because coffee increases urinary calcium it should be avoided by patients with kidney stones.

Back 26

False, it does increase urinary calcium, but people who drink coffee are at reduced risk.

Front 27

In regards to kidney stones, Drinking 2 liters per day of what type of juice was associated with positive changes in urinary composition?

Back 27

Lemonade

Front 28

What type of juice increases risk of kidney stones?

Back 28

Grapefruit Juice

Front 29

What dietary interventions seem to work better than low calcium diets in the prevention of the kidney stones?

Back 29

Low protein and low salt

Front 30

What is the top-shelf intervention for kidney stones?

Back 30

1. Potassium citrate (30-60 mEq/day)

Front 31

A person with renal failure/ end stage renal disease has different dietary concerns than the average patient. What would be your recommendation as far as protein?

Back 31

0.5-0.6 grams/kg/day. This is thought to be most effective in diabetic renal disease. ***Know this he said it would be on the final***

Front 32

Very low protein diets (0.3g/kg/day) have been studied in pts with renal failure, but what is the concern here?

Back 32

Protein calorie malnutrition

Front 33

(T/F) Dietary protein needs go down when dialysis is started.

Back 33

False, needs dramatically goes up.

Front 34

What percent of patients on dialysis are reported to experience prootein calorie malnutrition?

Back 34

40%. Sources recommend intakes between 1-1.5 g/kg/day. Needs tend to be slightly higher with peritoneal dialysis tx than hemodialysis.

Front 35

(T/F) Approximately 86% of pts on dialysis experience hypertension.

Back 35

True

Front 36

Sodium and _______ restriction is indicated in most patients on dialysis.

Back 36

Phosphorus

Front 37

Does hemodyalisis or peritoneal dialysis require potassium restriction.

Back 37

Hemodialysis

Front 38

What are the top shelf interventions for renal failure?

Back 38

1. Carnitine (1 gram before and after each tx)
2. Vitamin D

Front 39

Is obesity related to an increased or decreased risk of incontinence?

Back 39

Increased

Front 40

(T/F) Food allergies have been proposed to be related to urinary frequency issues.

Back 40

True

Front 41

What is the top-shelf intervention for incontinence?

Back 41

1. Magnesium (300-500mg/day).

Front 42

Screening for gestational diabetes should occurs between what weeks of pregnancy?

Back 42

24th and 28th week of pregnancy, or earlier if risk factors are identified.

Front 43

What are the risk factors for Gestational Diabetes?

Back 43

1. BMI > 25
2. family history of type 2 DM
3. Ethnicity
4. Previously diagnosed with impaired FBS

Front 44

How is Gestational diabetes screened for?

Back 44

50 gram of OGTT

Front 45

(T/F) Prenatal vitamins appear to spike blood sugar in women with gestational diabetes.

Back 45

True

Front 46

Diets low in ____ and high in ____are associated with risk of gestational diabetes.

Back 46

fiber, glycemic load. **Be careful with low glycemic diets because they are associated with low birth weights.

Front 47

ADA recommends dietary counseling to reduce carbohydrate intake to ____ of total calories during pregnancy.

Back 47

35-40%

Front 48

Elevated _______ levels can correlate with low IQ sores in offspring.

Back 48

Ketone

Front 49

In a pregnant woman if BMI is greater than ____, recommend caloric restriction of approximately 33%, or shoot for 25kcal/kg/day, as long as ketosis does not occur.

Back 49

30