Dnt -- Ophthalmology

Front 1

What is the most common cause of blindness in the world?

Back 1

Cataracts

Front 2

(T/F) Diets high in fruits and vegetables tend to increase risk of cataracts

Back 2

False, they protect against particularly foods high in lutein and zeaxanthin (kale, greens, spinach).

Front 3

The presence of cataract in what condition is a predictor of higher mortality risk?

Back 3

Diabetes, so it should be treated more aggressively to manage glucose levels.

Front 4

Galactosemia can cause what condition?

Back 4

premature cataract

Front 5

Name a high galactose food.

Back 5

Milk

Front 6

A high intake of dairy is associated with what risk to the eye?

Back 6

Cataract

Front 7

Which of the following is not a risk factor for cataract: smoking, excessive alcohol, lead, or mercury?

Back 7

Mercury

Front 8

What are the two top-shelf interventions for cataracts?

Back 8

1. lutein (10mg/day)
2. N-acetycarnosine, 1% solution bid

Front 9

An ancillary Study of the WHI found that women in the group with high dietary levels of lutein and zeaxanthin had a ___% lower risk of of nuclear cataract.

Back 9

23

Front 10

What are the 4 main types of glaucoma?

Back 10

1. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)
2. Acute angle closure glaucoma
3. Secondary glaucoma (with many subtypes)
4. Congenital glaucoma

Front 11

What is the most common form of glaucoma?

Back 11

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)

Front 12

What type of glaucoma is considered a medical emergency?

Back 12

Acute angle closure glaucoma

Front 13

(T/F) There has been a published case report linking a food intolerance reaction to glaucoma symptoms.

Back 13

True

Front 14

(T/F) High ratio of omega 3 to omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been associated with increased risk of POAG.

Back 14

True

Front 15

What are the top-shelf interventions for glaucoma?

Back 15

1. Vitamin C (2g/day) - it decreased intraocular pressure by more than 5mmHg in an open-label clinical trial
2. Gingko biloba (40mg tid)
3. Forskolin (from coleus forskolii), 50 microl of 1% soln topically

Front 16

What does AMD stand for?

Back 16

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Front 17

How is AMD defined?

Back 17

by degeneration of the macula, resulting in loss of central vision.

Front 18

In macular degeneration is peripheral or central vision impaired?

Back 18

Central

Front 19

What are the two types of AMD?

Back 19

1. Dry (atrophic)
2. Wet (neovascular or exudative)

Front 20

Which is more common dry or wet macular degeneration?

Back 20

Dry

Front 21

(T/F) Even moderate intake of fish and other sources of omega-3 fatty acids appear to be protective against macular degeneration.

Back 21

True

Front 22

What vitamins have been found to be helpful in reducing risk of AMD?

Back 22

Vitamin C, E, and zinc

Front 23

Diets high in what carotenoids reduce risk of AMD?

Back 23

Lutein and zeaxanthan

Front 24

(T/F) High levels of lead and zinc have been found in the retinas of patients with macular degeneration.

Back 24

False, high levels of iron have been found

Front 25

What are the top shelf interventions for Macular degeneration?

Back 25

1. Zinc (45-80mg/day)
2. Ginkgo biloba extract (240mg/day

Front 26

What is the leading cause of death for those aged under 85 in the United States?

Back 26

Cancer

Front 27

The Harvard report on cancer prevention identifies risk factors for 2/3 of all cancer. What are they?

Back 27

1. tobacco use
2. excess weight
3. poor diet
4. inactivity

Front 28

(T/F) No published clinical trials have demonstrated a dietary intervention that significantly reduced the incidence of cancer.

Back 28

True

Front 29

Reducing _______has been consistently associated with cancer risk reduction in animal studies.

Back 29

calorie intake

Front 30

Diets high in _______ are associated with lower risks of many types of cancer, notably colon and breast cancer.

Back 30

fiber

Front 31

(T/F)large amounts of linoleic acid and small amounts of alpha linoleic acid appear to increase risk of cancer.

Back 31

False, large amounts of alpha linoleic and small amounts of linoleic appear to be the problem.

Front 32

Does increased calcium intake increase or decrease your risk of colorectal cancer?

Back 32

Decrease

Front 33

Does increased calcium intake increase or decrease your risk of prostate cancer?

Back 33

Increase

Front 34

What type of foods are associated with higher risks of stomach and esophageal cancer?

Back 34

Salted and pickled foods

Front 35

(T/F) Diets high in cooked tomatoes are associated with higer risk of prostate cancer.

Back 35

False, it is lower risk.

Front 36

Is there any relation to glycemic load and Cancer?

Back 36

Yes, the women's Health study showed that dietary glycemic load was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.

Front 37

Soy is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer in asian women compared to other women. What is the recommended dose?

Back 37

20mg isoflavone/day

Front 38

(T/F) Cancer survivors are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis,and second cancers

Back 38

True

Front 39

What should you remember with patients on chemotherapy, particulaarly those that can cause renal toxicity?

Back 39

Hydration