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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of DNA?
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Information and replication
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What did Watson and crick discover about DNA?
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double helix - a twisted rope ladder with the runs of the ladder composed of pairs of nucleotide bases joined by hydrogen bonds
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Purines?
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Adenine (A)
Guanine (g) |
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Pyrimidines?
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Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) Uracil (U) |
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A joined to T by ? bond
G joined to C by ? bond |
double
triple |
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All genetic information contained in our chromosomes is written in an alphabet composed of what?
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four letters- AGTC
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Steps for replication of DNA?
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1.) A specific enzyme severs the hydrogen bonds linking the pairs of nucleotide bases
2.) New complementary bases are attracted to and attach to the bases on each of the separate strands 3.) The sugar-phosphate bonds between the new complementary bases are joined with the aid of an enzyme known as DNA polymerase - thus completing the duplication of the DNA molecule |
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Name three differences between DNA and RNA.
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RNA has ribose rather than deoxyribose as the sugar group
RNA uses U instead of T RNA is single stranded |
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Transcription
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Transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA
uses RNA polymerase |
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Where does mRNA migrate after assembly?
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Rough ER --> ribosomes for protein synthesis
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Describe translation.
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mRNA attaches to the ribosome
tRNA molecules line up along the mRNA template, which lines up the amino acids carried on the opposite ends of the tRNA molecules into a proper sequence to build a particular protein amino acids bond together and the protein is formed |
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What are the two codes for tRNA?
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one end - anticodon that may be complementary to a sequence of three bases (codon) on the mRNA template
the other end recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (depends on the 3-letter nucleotide base code) |
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Alphabet analogy for genetic information?
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letters - AGTC
words - codons (3 letters) vocabulary - 20 "words" (amino acids) sentence (protein) typically contains 100-1000 words |
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allosteric protein
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can change shape under certain physiological conditions, i.e. hemoglobin
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