Dna,rna, And Protein Synthesis

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Nucleotide

Back 1

In a nucleic-acid chain, a sub-unit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

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Deoxyribose

Back 2

A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides.

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Nitrogenous Base

Back 3

An organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA or RNA.

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Purine

Back 4

A Nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure.

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Pyrimidine

Back 5

A nitrogenous base that has a single string structure.

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Base-Pairing Rules

Back 6

The rules stating that cytosine pairs with guainine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, and that adenine pairs with uracil in RNA.

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Complementary Base Pair

Back 7

The nucleotide bases in one strand of DNA or RNA that are paired with those of another strand.

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Base Sequence

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The order of the nucleotide bases (bond pairs) in the DNA molecule.

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DNA Replication

Back 9

The process of making a copy of DNA.

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Helicase

Back 10

An enzyme that separates DNA strands.

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Replication Fork

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A Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated.

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DNA Polymerase

Back 12

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule.

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Mutation

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A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule.

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Ribonucleic Acid

Back 14

A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis.

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Transcription

Back 15

The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template.

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Translation

Back 16

The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.

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Protein Synthesis

Back 17

The formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA.

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Ribose

Back 18

A five-carbon sugar present in RNA.

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Messenger RNA

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A single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein.

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Ribosomal RNA

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An organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function.

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Transfer RNA

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An RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation.

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RNA Polymerase

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An enzyme that starts the formation of RNA by using a strand of DNA molecule as a template.

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Promoter

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A nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds, which initiates the transcription of a specific gene.

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Termination Signal

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A specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene.

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Genetic Code

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The rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein.

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Codon

Back 26

In DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid of signifies a start signal of a stop signal.

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Anticodon

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A region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA.

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Genome

Back 28

The complete genetic material contained in an individual.