Dna Viruses And Prions

Front 1

What does HSV-1 cause?

Back 1

Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalitis, herpes labialis.

Front 2

Where latent form of HSV-1 is stored?

Back 2

Trigeminal ganglia

Front 3

How HSV-1 is transmitted?

Back 3

Transmitted by respiratory secretions, saliva.

Front 4

How HSV-2 is transmitted?

Back 4

Transmitted by sexual contact, perinatally.

Front 5

What does HSV-2 cause?

Back 5

Herpes genitalis, neonatal herpes.

Front 6

Where latent form of HSV-2 is stored?

Back 6

In sacral ganglia.

Front 7

Where latent form of VZV is stored?

Back 7

In dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia.

Front 8

What does VZV cause?

Back 8

Varicella-zoster (chickenpox, shingles), encephalitis, pneumonia.

Front 9

What is the most common complication of shingles?

Back 9

Post-herpetic neuralgia

Front 10

How VZV is transmitted?

Back 10

Transmitted by respiratory secretions.

Front 11

What does EBV cause?

Back 11

Mononucleosis.

Associated with lymphomas (e.g., endemic Burkitt lymphoma), nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Front 12

How EBV is transmitted?

Back 12

By respiratory secretions and saliva.

Front 13

What is "kissing disease"? Why is it called like that?

Back 13

Mononucleosis. Called that since commonly seen
in teens, young adults.

Front 14

What cells does EBV infect?

Back 14

B cells

Front 15

How EBV infection is detected?

Back 15

"+" Monospot test

Front 16

What does CMV cause?

Back 16

Congenital infection, mononucleosis, pneumonia, retinitis.

Front 17

How to differentiate mononucleosis caused by EBV from CMV?

Back 17

EBV - Monospot is "+"

CMV - Monospot is "-"

Front 18

How can you recognize a cell that has been infected with CMV?

Back 18

Infected cells have characteristic “owl eye” inclusions.

Front 19

Where latent CMV resides?

Back 19

In mononuclear cells.

Front 20

How CMV is transmitted?

Back 20

Transmitted congenitally and by transfusion, sexual contact, saliva, urine, transplant.

Front 21

Symptoms of roseola

Back 21

High fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash.

Front 22

How roseola is transmitted?

Back 22

By saliva.

Front 23

What does HHV-7 cause?

Back 23

Roseola (less common cause than HHV-6)

Front 24

Kaposi sarcoma findings

Back 24

Dark/violaceous plaques or nodules on the skin representing vascular proliferation. Can also affect GI tract and lungs.

Front 25

What patients more commonly develop Kaposi sarcoma?

Back 25

HIV/AIDS and transplant patients

Front 26

How HHV-8 is transmitted?

Back 26

By sexual contact.

Front 27

Morphology of Hepadnaviruses

Back 27

Enveloped, partially DS circular DNA viruses.

Front 28

List of Hepadnaviruses?

Back 28

HBV

Front 29

What do HBV and Retroviruses have in common?

Back 29

HBV as retroviruses has reverse transcriptase.

Front 30

What do Adenoviruses cause?

Back 30

Febrile pharyngitis (sore throat),

conjunctivitis(“pink eye”), pharyngoconjunctival fever, pneumonia, acute hemorrhagic cystitis.

Front 31

Morphology of Adenoviruses

Back 31

Naked, DS, linear DNA virus

Front 32

Morphology of Parvoviruses

Back 32

Naked, SS linear DNA virus

Front 33

What is the smallest DNA virus?

Back 33

Parvovirus

Front 34

What does Parvovirus B19 cause in patients with sickle cell disease?

Back 34

Aplastic crises

Front 35

Morphology of Papillomaviruses

Back 35

Naked, DS, circular DNA

Front 36

What does Papillomavirus cause?

Back 36

Warts (serotypes 1, 2, 6, 11), CIN, cervical cancer (16, 18).

Front 37

What do Polyomaviruses cause?

Back 37

JC virus- progressive multifocal

leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV;
BK virus - affects transplant patients, commonly targets kidney.

Front 38

Morphology of Polyomavirus

Back 38

Naked, DS and circular DNA.

Front 39

Morphology of Poxvirus

Back 39

Enveloped, DS and linear DNA virus with a complex capsid.

Front 40

What is the largest DNA virus?

Back 40

Poxvirus

Front 41

What does Poxvirus cause?

Back 41

Smallpox, eradicated.
Cowpox (“milkmaid blisters”).
Molluscum contagiosum.

Front 42

What does Parvovirus B19 cause in children?

Back 42

“Slapped cheeks” rash - erythema
infectiosum (fifth disease).

Front 43

What does Parvovirus B19 cause in a fetus?

Back 43

Hydrops fetalis due to RBC destruction, and death.

Front 44

What does Parvovirus B19 cause in adults?

Back 44

Pure RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis–like symptoms.

Front 45

Molluscum contagiosum appearance

Back 45

Flesh-colored papule with central umbilication

Front 46

What cells are primarily affected by B19?

Back 46

B19 is highly tropic for erythroid precursor cells and replicates predominantly in the bone marrow.

Front 47

What does P19 attach to on cells?

Back 47

P antigen

Front 48

Symptoms of HSV-1 encephalitis

Back 48

Altered mental status, seizures, and/or aphasia.

Front 49

What is the most common manifestation of primary HSV-1 infection in 1-3 yo children?

Back 49

Gingivostomatitis

Front 50

Symptoms of HSV-1 gingivostomatitis

Back 50

Fever, lymphadenopathy, swollen gums with ulcerative lesions.

Front 51

How to prevent recurrent genital herpes?

Back 51

Daily use of oral a-, vala- or famcyclovir.

Front 52

Symptoms of mononucleosis

Back 52

Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy (especially posterior cervical nodes).

Front 53

What do atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood of a patient with mononucleosis represent?

Back 53

Atypical lymphocytes are not infected B cells but rather reactive cytotoxic T cells.

Front 54

What receptor mediates EBV intake?

Back 54

CR2 (CD21) on B lymphocytes.

Front 55

What is Monospot test?

Back 55

Detection of heterophile antibodies by agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs.

Front 56

What is the other name of roseola?

Back 56

Exanthem subitum

Front 57

What does CMV attaches to on a cell?

Back 57

Binds tocellular integrins

Front 58

What patients are predisposed to CMV pneumonia?

Back 58

Transplant

Front 59

What is Tzank test?

Back 59

A smear of an opened skin vesicle used
to detect multinucleated giant cells commonly
seen in HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV infection.

Front 60

What test is used to diagnose herpes encephalitis?

Back 60

CSF PCR

Front 61

Symptoms of prion disease

Back 61

Spongiform encephalopathy, dementia, ataxia, and death.

Front 62

List of prion diseases

Back 62

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, kuru.

Front 63

Where kuru in predominant?

Back 63

In some tribal populations practicing human cannibalism.

Front 64

Prion disease prophylaxis

Back 64

No prophylaxis. Resistant to standard sterilizing procedures, including autoclaving.

Front 65

How CJD is aquired?

Back 65

Via CNS-related tissue (jatrogenic) or food contaminated by BSE-infected animal products (variant), some familial forms.

Front 66

How BSE is also called?

Back 66

"Mad cow disease"

Front 67

Pathophysiology of pron disease

Back 67

Conversion of a normal (predominantly α-helical) protein termed prion protein (PrPc) to a β-pleated form (PrPsc) that is transmissible, resists protease degradation and facilitates the conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc.