Dna Synthesis

Front 1

PRPP is synthesized from

Back 1

Ribose 5 phosphate by transfer of pyrophosphate to ATP

Front 2

PRPP is used in

Back 2

purine and pyrimidine synthesis

Front 3

First purine nucleotide to be synthesized is

Back 3

IMP (the purine is hypoxanthine)

Front 4

IMP synthesis involves

Back 4

2 reactions with carbon transfers from derivatives of THF

Front 5

IMP can be converted to

Back 5

AMP and GMP

Front 6

the first reaction in pyrimidine sythesis

Back 6

CO2 + glutamine + 2 ATP -> carbomyl phosphate + glutamate + 2 ADP + Pi in the presence of the enzyme carbomyl phosphate synthetase II

Front 7

The second reaction of pyrimidine synthesis involves

Back 7

carbamoylation of aspartate and 2 reactions that form orotic acid

Front 8

Orotic acid is added to what to form a pyrimidine nucleotide

Back 8

PRPP

Front 9

Hereditary orotic aciduria

Back 9

orotate phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in which orotic acid is detected in urine

Front 10

adenosine deaminase deficiency

Back 10

cause sever immunodeficiency

Front 11

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

Back 11

hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency which causes hyperuricemia, mental retardation and self-mutilation

Front 12

Gout

Back 12

abnormalities of purine metabolizing enzymes which results in increased uric acid deposits in joints

Front 13

How many histones molecules do nucleosomes have

Back 13

2 each of:
H2A
H2B
H3
H4

**H1 is a linker between nucleosome core structures

Front 14

Is DN replication conserved, semi-conserved, or not conserved at all?

Back 14

Semi-conserved

Mendelson and Stahl proved this by growing bacteria in an N15 media and showing they had hybrids in the 1st and 2nd generations

Front 15

In eukaryotes, DNA synthesis occurs in which phase

Back 15

S phase

Front 16

E coli DNA gyrase

Back 16

relaxes condensed DNA

Front 17

unwinding proteins, DNA B helicase, DNA C protein

Back 17

unwinding of DNA double helix

Front 18

RNA pol and RNA primase

Back 18

Inititiation of RNA primer

Front 19

DNA polymerase

Back 19

DNA addition to RNA primer

Front 20

RNAse H and DNA pol I

Back 20

removal of RNA primer

DNA pol I also has 3' to 5' excision repair and 5' to 3' exonuclease activity

Front 21

DNA ligase

Back 21

Joins Okazaki fragments

Front 22

DNA pols function in which direction

Back 22

5' to 3' direction

Front 23

Which strand has the Okazaki fragments

Back 23

lagging strand

Front 24

What molecule adds RNA primers to the lagging strand in lagging strand synthesis?

Back 24

DNA primer

Front 25

What molecule adds to RNA primer to start a new Okazaki fragment?

Back 25

DNA pol

Front 26

What molecules erase RNA primers?

Back 26

RNase H or DNA pol 1

Front 27

What molecule joins Okazaki fragments?

Back 27

DNA ligase

Front 28

Replicons

Back 28

Segments that are replicated from one initiation point

Front 29

Which pro DNA pol has a major role in DNA replication?

Back 29

DNA pol 3

Front 30

Which pro DNA pol has 5 to 3 excision repair and 3 to 5 proofreading activity?

Back 30

DNA pol 1

Front 31

Which pro RNA removes RNA primers?

Back 31

RNase H

Front 32

Which subunits on the euk DNA pol has 3 to 5 proofreading activity?

Back 32

Alpha and beta

Front 33

List the functions of the 5 euk DNA pol subunits

Back 33

alpha- repair, replication, and primase function
beta- repair
gamma- mitochondrial DNA pol
delta- replication with PCNA
epsilon- replication

Front 34

What is a reverse transcriptase?

Back 34

When an RNA tumor virus genome can be transcribed into DNA by RNA dependent DNA pol

Front 35

DNA fragments are joined by DNA ligase using energy obtained by the hydrolysis of what in bacteria and what in mammals?

Back 35

NAD in bacteria and ATP in mammals

Front 36

What does TdT do and where is it found?

Back 36

Add deoxynucleotides to the 3' OH ends of DNA and does not replicate DNA strands

Found in precursor lymphocytes

No template required

Front 37

What does a telomerase do?

Back 37

Extends the 3' telomere end so DNA pol can complete the lagging strand synthesis

Front 38

Single base alterations occur with what?

Back 38

Alkylation

Front 39

Thymine dimers occur from what?

Back 39

UV radiation

Front 40

Strand breaks occur from which drug?

Back 40

Bleomycin

Front 41

Cross linking of strands occurs with what 2 molecules?

Back 41

Mitomycin C or psorlens

Front 42

4 mechanisms for repairing damaged DNA

Back 42

Enzymatic photoreactivation to catalyze reaction to break thymine dimers

Excision repair to fix an altered base or bases

Purine base insertion

Bypass repair mechanisms

Front 43

Sensitivity to what is increased in xeroderma pigmentosum?

Back 43

UV light

Front 44

Sensitivity to what is increased in ataxia telangiectasia?

Back 44

Ionizing radiation

Front 45

Sensitivity to what is increased in Fanconi's anemia?

Back 45

crosslinking agents

Front 46

Sensitivity to what is increased in Bloom's syndrome?

Back 46

UV light

Front 47

What inhibits purine NT synthesis?

Back 47

6 mercaptopurine

Front 48

What inhibits pyrimidine NT synthesis?

Back 48

azauridine

Front 49

What inhibits ribonucleotide synthesis

Back 49

hydroxyurea

Front 50

What inhibits DNA pol?

Back 50

cytosine arabinoside

Front 51

What inhibits thymidylate synthestase?

Back 51

5 fluorouracil

Front 52

What inhibits DHF reductase?

Back 52

methotrexate

Front 53

What inhibits the mitotic apparatus?

Back 53

colchicine and vinca alkaloids

Front 54

What inhibits DNA damage?

Back 54

X irradiation, bleomycin and free radicals