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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the monomers of DNA?
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Nucleotides
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What are the 3 components of DNA?
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Deoxyribose, Phosphate Group,and Nitrogenous Base
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Name the 4 nitrogenous bases.
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Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
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What are purines and pyrimidines and which bases are which?
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Purines- has a double carbon, nitrogen ring, ex. Adenine, and Guanine
Pyrimidines-has a single carbon, nitrogen ring, ex. Thymine, Cytosine |
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Name the enzymes involved in DNA Replication.
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DNA Helicase-splits hydrogen bonds
DNA Polymerase-reads bases and matches complementary base pairs DNA Ligase-puts together bonds |
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Which Nucleotides switch in RNA?
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Thymine to Uracil
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Name the differences between DNA and RNA.
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RNA vs. DNA
Single Stranded vs. Double Stranded Ribose vs. Deoxyribose Uracil vs. Thymine |
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Name the 3 types of RNA.
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rRNA-ribosomal RNA-structure for ribosome
mRNA-messenger RNA-genetic code for proteins tRNA-transfer RNA-brings amino acids to ribosome, and very specific |
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What is Transcription?
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Transcription is the process of copying DNA to RNA.
Opens up the DNA, RNA polymerase finds complementary base pairs, and stops at the promoter. |
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Compare Codons and Anticodons
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Codon-Set of 3 bases on mRNA
Anticodon-3 complementary bases to codons and is on tRNA. |
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What is Translation?
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The process of building a polypeptide chain using the types of RNA.
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How does Translation occur?
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mRNA slides into ribosomes
tRNA enters the P site at start codon Another tRNA enters A site Polypeptide bond forms and breaks from tRNA 1st tRNA leaves and ribosome moves Continues until it reaches a stop codon |
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What are the differnet types of Mutations?
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Substitution- change in one nucleotide, therefore a change in the codon, and may change the amino acid. this type is not as bad, du to the redundancy in the coding for amino acids
Frame Shift-Affects all other codons after the mutated one Addition/Deletion of a nucleotide |
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How does Sickle Cell Anemia occur?
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A substitution of a nucleotide that affects the structure of hemoglobin.
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