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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe S, G1, and G2
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Sphase = DNA replication
G1/G2 are NOT pauses |
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4 types of DNA pol
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delta= leading, can proofread, uses RNA primer
alpha- lagging, uses primer too beta- fills in gaps in repair or in the lagging strand gamma- for both strands of mtDNA, can proofread |
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Definition of a primer
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A free 3' OH group of previously existing strand
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What direction is the template read?
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3' to 5'
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How many oris in prokaryotes versus euk
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1 ori in prok, multiple in euk.
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What is a replicon
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The region of euk c'som that is made as a unit from 1 central ori
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What does the beta/DNA clamp do?
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It stabilizes the replication apparatus
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How is the lagging strand made?
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RNA primer made, okazaki fragments made in 5' to 3' direction, RNAse degrades the primers, DNA pol B fills gaps, DNA ligase ligates them
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What does topoisomerase do?
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It ensures a PROPER level of supercoiling
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Describe 3 classes of RNA
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mRNA- RNA pol2 (low abundance)
rRNA- RNA pol1 (high abundance) tRNA, snRNA, 5SrRNA - RNA pol3 (med abundance) |
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Which DNA strand is used to make the RNA?
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The 3' to 5' DNA strand (the template strand)
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Can enhancers or promoters be flipped experimentally to still yield transcription?
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Enhancers, yes. Promoters, no.
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Minimum promoters?
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TATA, AT rich area
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TBP, CCAT box, SP1
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Attracts RNA pol; CCAT box is bound by CP1 and increases transcription beyond basal level, SP1 binds 3rd and binds GC rich area common in TATA-less promoters
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4 DNA binding domains
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HTH- 2 alpha helices
Zinc F- major groove, 2 cys HLH- 2 alpha helices with LONG linker region. Form heterodimers meaning need 2 separate proteins to bind DNA Leu zipper- dimer, leucine interaction domain |
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Activation domain
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NOT conserved like DNA binding domain
Just a mass of negative charge Can bind promoter or enhancer |
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mRNA processing
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histones mRNA lack polyA tails
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