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12 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What is semi-conservative replication?
Produces two copies with an original strand and a newly synthesised strand
Name 3 difficulties that DNA polymerase has to overcome in replication
DNA polymerase cannot separate the 2 DNA strands
Unable to initiate strand, must elongate from primer
Strands can only grow in 5' to 3' direction
Describe the role of 3 enzymes in DNA unwinding
Helicase - unwinds DNA
Topoisomerase - stops supercoiling
Single-strand binding protein - binds to exposed bases
How many times are the leading and lagging strand primed by RNA primer?
Leading strand once
Lagging strand every 1000-2000 nucleotides
What are the short fragments on the lagging strand called?
Okazaki fragments
What does primase do?
Synthesises RNA primer
What is the function of exonuclease?
Travels 3' to 5' end to proofread DNA
Travels 5' to 3' end for replacing RNA primers with DNA
What is the difference in functions between DNA polymerase III and I?
DNA polymerase III - responsible for most DNA synthesis
DNA polymerase I - responsible for replacing RNA primers (Okazaki fragments) with DNA and for proofreading
What seals the lagging strand together?
DNA ligase
What is the function of DNAa?
Initiates opening and unwinding of DNA
Name types of mutagen that may affect DNA replication
Radiation
DNA polymerase replication errors
Chemicals
Oxidative damage
What is a telomere and telomerase?
Telomere - end of chromosome that protects it from deterioration
Telomerase - enzyme that carries its own RNA primer to elongate telomere