Dna Replication

Front 1

3 things dna semi conserv replication must do

Back 1

1) mechanism to do it quickly (it's huge 3 billion base pairs!)
2) must be accurate (1/10,000)
3) Replicate 2 strands simultaneously in opposite directions

Front 2

dna polymerase does what?

Back 2

catalyzes the 3'--5' phosphodiester bond

Front 3

Characteristics of DNA Polymerase Rxns

DNA synth requires ?
DNA synth of both strands goes in which direction?
DNA synth is ____directed? what is required for cataylsis of new bond?

Back 3

1) a PRIMER. requires a complementary primer (RNA or DNA) with a free 3' -OH group
2) ALWAYS proceeds in 5'--3'
3) Templated directed, dNTP must form complementary base pair with template strand before cataylsis of 3'-5' phosphodiester bond

Front 4

DNA Poly I (prokary)

Name the 3 parts

Back 4

removes primer/fills in gaps on lagging strand and DNA repair

1) exonuclease(5-3)=primer removal with RNaseH
2)exonuclease (3-5)=proofreading
3)polymerase (5-3)-cataylzes bond formation (10dNTP/sec)

Front 5

DNA Poly III (prokary)

Name the 3 important parts

Back 5

"Big Dawg"

syth both leading/lagging strands

alpha=5'-3' polymerase (1000dNTP/sec)
beta=B2 dimer="sliding clamp"=unlimited processivity
epsilon= 3'-5' exonuclease for proofreading

Front 6

Important things in DNA Synth (prokary) three things used to important for initiation.

Back 6

Helicase=unwinds DNA
Primase=sythesizes RNA primers (adds OH group to 3')
Initator Protein=binds to specific oriC sites (origin of replication sites)

Front 7

Okazaki fragments = #? nucleotides prokary vs. eukary

Back 7

~1000 in prokary ~200 in eukary

Front 8

Primers are made out of ?
have the ability to ?
important because adds what?

Back 8

RNA!
ability to de novo synthesis
adds -OH group to 3'

Front 9

What is an antibiotic that inhibits topoisomerase 1/Gyrase in prokaryotes?

Back 9

Quinolones

Front 10

Prokary: What proteins stabilize/protect the unwound DNA strands during replication?

Back 10

the single stranded DNA binding proteins

Front 11

What protein joins the okazaki fragments together by forming a 3'-5' phosphodiester bond?

Back 11

DNA ligase

Front 12

Important Eukary DNA polymerases

Back 12

alpha=primer synth
delta=synth of lagging strand, fills in gaps btw okazaki framents after RNA primer part removed

epsilon=synth of l'e'ading strand

Front 13

Eukary: how long are the okazaki fragments?

Back 13

~200 nucleotides

Front 14

Polymerase ___ + Polymerase ___ in Eukary= ______ in Prokary?

Back 14

epslion+delta=Polymerase III in Prokaryotes

Front 15

Telomeres are?
Function?

Back 15

long, repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes.

they extend the template of the lagging strand so looping still can occur at end of the chromosome. need to finish up the very last nucleotides so you don't lose them!

Front 16

Telomerase has 2 main components:

Back 16

1) RNA template=complementary to telomere repeat
2) Reverse Transcriptase =sythesizes DNA from RNA

Front 17

The telomere repeat sequence is ___ bp long?

Back 17

6 base pairs long

TTAGGG-placed onto DNA
AAUCCC-Telomerase template

Front 18

Telomeres form ____
functions?

Back 18

caps=aglet

-protect the end of the chromosome
-prevents non-homologous end joining
-prevents homologous recombination

Front 19

3 Characteristics of DNA Polymerase Rxn:

Back 19

1) DNA synthesis is "primed". requires complement primer with free OH
2) ALWAYS proceeds in 5-3 direction
3)is template directed. must form a complementary base pair before cataylsis of 3-5 phosphodiester bond