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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication?
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DNA Helicase
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What is the enzyme that attaches to DNA to tell other enzymes where to begin?
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RNA Primase
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What is the enzyme that grabs new nucleotides and puts them in their proper place?
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DNA Polymerase
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What is the leading strand?
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It is the strand of DNA that runs 5 prime to 3 prime.
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What is the lagging strand?
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It is the strand of DNA that runs 3 prime to 5 prime
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What is an Okazaki fragment?
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It is the section of the lagging strand between RNA primases that gets pulled backwards through DNA polymerase.
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Why are there Okazaki fragments?
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Because the DNA polymerase only runs 5' to 3'. The fragments are needed to let the strand run backwards through the polymerase.
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What is the enzyme that takes the primers off of the new strands?
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Ligase--it takes the RNA primase off and replaces the missing nucleotides.
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What is the enzyme that proofreads the new strands of DNA?
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DNA polymerase (It does two jobs).
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Why does DNA need to duplicate?
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Because when cells divide each new cell needs its own copy of DNA.
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When does DNA replicate?
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DNA replicates just before chromosomes form during Mitosis.
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Where does DNA replication happen in Eukaryotes?
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In the nucleoplasm of the nucleus.
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Where does DNA replication happen in Prokaryotes?
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In the cytoplasm because they don't have a nucleus.
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What materials are needed for DNA replication?
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The original strand of DNA, the enzymes, and lots of nucleotides.
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What three things make up a nucleotide?
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A phosphate, a sugar (in DNA it is deoxyribose) and nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine).
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What are the four enzymes used in DNA replication?
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Helicase, RNA Primase, DNA polymerase, and Ligase.
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What kind of bonds does Helicase break?
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Hydrogen bonds.
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What direction does DNA polymerase travel?
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From the 5 prime to the 3 prime direction.
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What does 5 prime mean?
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It means the sugar is pointing up on the page. The number 5 carbon is facing up.
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What kinds of bonds hold the nucleotides together?
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Covalent bonds.
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