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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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heredity
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the passing of traits from parents to offspring
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genetics
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the study of heredity
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trait
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any characteristic that can be used to identify or describe an organism
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mitosis
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the process of which most types of cells divide
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chromosome
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a structure in the nucleus of a cell (made of a tightly wound DNA molecule). humans have 46 chromosomes. every person starts out as a single cell called a zygote. a zygote contains 23 pairs of chromosomes
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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the material that makes up chromosomes. DNA carries information in a kind of code
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genes
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a section of a chromosome. each gene carries a piece of information for one trait. for example genes determine the physical traits such as hair, and eye color. genes tell cells what functions they will perform
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how are chromosomes, DNA, and genes related?
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they each have a job to do to make yourself you
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dominant gene
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a gene that blocks the effect of another gene for the same trait
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recessive gene
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a gene whos effect can be blocked or hidden by a dominant gene
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purebread
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an organism that recieves 2 dominant or 2 recesive genes for a trait
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hybrid
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an organism that recieves one dominant and one recessive gene for a trait
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punnent square
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a diagram that shows all the possible gene combinations for a trait
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selective breeding
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the breeding of male and female based on the most desierable traits of each parent
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genetic engineering/bioengineering
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a treatment of genetic material that causes a change in the makeup of an organism
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cloning
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a technique in which a cell or organism is grown directly from one parent. clones are identical to their parent
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genes machines
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they are computer-controlled machines that put together custom made pieces of DNA. the pieces of DNA can be combined to create genes or to create exsisting genes
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gene splicing
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genes from 2 different spieces are joined
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biotechnology
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this type of tecnology combines engineering and technology to solve problems involving living things
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gregor mendel
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he completed various experiments with pea plant
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