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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does DNA stand for? |
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
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What is DNA used for? |
To store genetic information - the instructions an organism needs to grow and develop from a fertilised egg to a fully grown adult |
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What does RNA stand for? |
Ribonucleic Acid |
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What is RNA used for? |
To transfer genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes which read the RNA to make polypeptides (translation). |
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Where would you find DNA and RNA? |
In all living cells |
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What is a mononucleotide made from? |
A pentose sugar A nitrogen containing organic base A phosphate group |
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What are mononucleotides? |
They are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA |
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What is the pentose sugar in DNA called? |
Deoxyribose sugar |
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What are the four possible bases on a DNA mononucleotide? |
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine or Thymine |
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What is the pentose sugar in RNA called? |
Ribose sugar |
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What are the four possible bases in an RNA mononucleotide? |
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine or Uracil |
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What is a polynucleotide? |
A polymer of mononucleotides |
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How are mononucleotides joined? |
They are joined through condensation reactions between the phosphate of one mononucleotide and the sugar group of another. Water is a by product |
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How many polynucleotide strands are DNA and RNA made of? |
DNA is made of two strands RNA is made of one strand |
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How are the two DNA polynucleotide strands joined together? |
They are joined by hydrogen bonding between the bases by complementary Base pairing |
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What is complementary base pairing? |
Where each Base can only join with one particular partner |
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Which bases are pairs in DNA? |
Adenine and Thymine Cytosine and Guanine |
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How many hydrogen bonds form between the Base pairs in DNA? |
Two hydrogen bonds form between adenine and Thymine Three hydrogen bonds form between Cytosine and Guanine |
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Describe the structure of DNA |
Two antiparallel polynucleotide strands twist to form a DNA double helix structure |
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Who determined the double helix structure? |
Watson and Crick |
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When was DNA first observed and what did scientists think? |
First observed in the 1800s Scientists doubted that DNA could carry the genetic code because it has a relatively simple chemical composition. They thought that genetic information must be carried by proteins which are much more chemically varied |
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What happened in 1953? |
Experiments had shown that DNA was the carrier of the genetic code |
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Which bases are pairs in RNA? |
Adenine and Uracil Cytosine and Guanine |
