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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid the code stored in the hereditary material of a cell contains info for the organisms growth and function |
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DNA pt 2 |
when cells with the nucleus divide, DNA code is copied and passed onto the new cell it is the strand wrapped around the protein in the nucleus of a cell |
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DNA Structure / Model |
looks like a twisted ladder the sides of the ladder are made up of sugar- phosphate molecules deoxyribose = sugar molecules |
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More DNA Structure / Model |
The steps of the ladder are made of Nitrogen bases adenine guanine cytosine thymine Adenine and thymine always pair up together Guanine and cytosine always pair up together |
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Copying DNA |
when chromosomes duplicate before mitosis or meiosis, the DNA in the nucleus doubles enzymes the "unzip" the DNA strands which separate and find a new partner to join up with- they keep their acid bases in the same original order |
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Proteins |
build cells and tissues, or work as enzymes |
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Genes |
contain the instructions on making a specific proteins are on a section of a DNA chromosome in the nucleus each chromosome contains hundreds of genes proteins are made of chains of hundreds of amino acids |
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Making proteins |
Genes are in the nucleus proteins are made on ribosomes in the cytoplasm Genes give the instructions to the RNA, which travels to the nucleolus to tell it what type of ribosomes (protein) to make |
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RNA |
made in the nucleus in a DNA pattern looks like a ladder cut in 1/2 Contains AGCT and Uracil which pairs up with A and T |
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Proteins are made when......... |
three kinds of RNA work together mRNA: Messenger rRNA: ribosome tRNA: Transfer |
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Controlling genes.. |
cells only make the types of proteins they need to function The DNA is twisted so tight so the RNA can't get in, can also turn some genes on or off |
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Mutations |
Mistakes- permanent changes in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome because it did not copy exactly x-rays, sunlight, and chemicals can cause mutations if mutations occur in a sex cell, the mutation can be passed onto an offspring some mutations are not harmful, other are deadly |
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Vocab |
Meiosis Sexual Reproduction Sperm Egg Fertilization Zygote How many chromosomes? diploid haploid Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Uracil DNA DNA Model Copying DNA Proteins Genes Making Proteins RNA Proteins are made.. Controlling Genes Mutations Mistakes in Meiosis |
