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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was DNA unravelled? |
1953 |
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Who unravelled DNA? |
Watson and Crick |
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What does DNA stand for? |
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
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What are the three nucleotides? |
Phosphate Deoxyribose One of 4 nitrogen-rich bases |
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What are the upright of the ladder of DNA? |
Alternating phosphate and sugar groups |
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What are the rungs of the DNA ladder? |
Nitrogen - rich bases |
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What are the four bases? |
Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine |
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What bases match up? |
A - T G - C |
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What is complimentary base pairing? |
Bases that only pair up with certain bases |
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What are chromosomes? |
Long, thin thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells |
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What are chromosomes made of? |
DNA and protein |
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How many chromosomes are in each body cell (somatic)? |
46 |
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How many chromosomes are in gametes? |
23 |
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What are genes? |
Sections of DNA, found on chromosomes |
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What is the difference between one gene and another? |
Order of bases and length of the strand |
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What do genes code for? |
Specific protein; functions + characterisitcs |
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What is DNA replication? |
Copying DNA |
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What are the two different types of DNA replication? |
Mitosis & Meiosis |
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What does mitosis produce? |
2 identical daughter cells, involved in growth and repair |
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What does meiosis produce? |
Gametes (egg + sperm), have half the number of chromosomes |
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What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis? |
Mitosis: produce two identical daughter cells, double the number of chromosomes. Meiosis: produce gametes, make four different daughter cells, half the number of chromosomes than mitosis |
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What are the stages of mitosis? |
Interphase Prophase Metaphase (middle) Anaphase (apart) Telophase (end) |
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What happens during prophase? |
Chromosomes in nucleus are copied |
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What happens during metaphase (hint: middle) |
Chromosrallign to the middle |
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What happens during anaphase? (hint: apart) |
Chromatids pulled apart and moved towards poles |
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What happens during telophase? (hint: end) |
Chromosomes separate
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What are chromatids? |
Each of the two thread-like strands of DNA |
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What is the function of meiosis? |
Reproduction |
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What is diploid number? |
Number of chromosomes in your body |
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What does 2N mean? |
2 sets; only in body cells |
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What are autosomes? |
Not sex chromosomes, a cell has 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes |
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What is asexual reproduction? |
Produced through mitosis; offspring inherit all genetic information from one parent only |
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What are Mendel's conclusions? |
Each parent contributes one hereditary factor |
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What are factors? |
Genes |
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What is hereditary? |
The passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
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What are characteristics inherited called? |
Traits |
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Genes exist in alternative forms, what are these forms called? |
Alleles |
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How is a dominant represented? |
Capital letter |
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How is a recessive represented? |
Lower letter |
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What are identical genes called? |
Homozygous |
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What are different genes called? |
Heterozygous |
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What is the genotype? |
Genetic composition for particular triats |
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What is a phenotype? |
Characteristic shown |
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What are punnette squares? |
Used to predict probability of possible genotypes |
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What is co-dominance? |
Phenotype is combination of homozygous individuals, contributors of both alleles are visible |
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What is incomplete dominance? |
The heterozygote is blended between two homozygous individuals |
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What are the phenotypes of blood? |
A B O AB |
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What are the genotypes of blood? |
A: AA AO B: BB BO O: OO AB: AB |
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What is somatic? |
Not sperm or egg cells |
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What is heredity |
Genes come in pairs |
