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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene |
The most basic physical unit of heredity a segment of nucleic acid that codes for a functional unit and protien |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
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Nucleotide |
An organic compound that consists of sugar a phosphate and a nitrogenous base the basic building block of a nucleic acid chain |
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Purine |
A nitrogenous base that has a double ring structure one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA either adenine |
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Pyrimidine |
a nitrogenous base that has a single ring structure one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA thymine cytosine or uracil |
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DNA replication |
The process of making a copy of DNA |
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DNA helicase |
An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication |
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DNA Polymerase |
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic Acid a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
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Gene Expression |
The manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits |
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Transcription |
The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of DNA molecule as a template |
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Translation |
The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polyceptide chains |
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codon
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in DNA and mRNA a three nucleotide sequence that enclodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
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Mutation
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A change in the structure or amount of the genetic material of an organism |
