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56 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the critical difference between continuous and pulsed wave is
range resolution
the amount of time for which a transmit pulse lasts
pulse duration (PD)
the amount of time until a transmit pulse is repeated
pulse repetition period (PRP)
the number of times that a transmit pulse is sent per second
pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
what is the relationship between PRF and PRP
reciprocal
the duration of time that work is being done
duty factor
duty factor equation
Duty Factor = DF/PRP
the distance of a transmit pulse
spatial pulse length (SPL)
the duration and the distance of a transmit pulse
PD and SPL respectively
range resolution equation related to SPL
Range Resolution =SPL/2

Also called axial, longitudinal, depth, radial resolution
synonyms for range resolution (5)
LADRR

Longitudinal
Axial
Depth
Radial
Range
Pulse Duration (PD) equation
period * # of cycles
the only parameter that affects PRP and PRF
imaging depth
Spatial Pulse Length (SPL) equation
λ times # of cycles
smaller/larger numbers, in general, are better when it comes to resolution
smaller
synonyms for lateral resolution (5)
Memory Aid: ATLAS

Azimuthal
Transverse
Lateral
Angular
Side-by-Side
any modality which turns the transmitter on and off periodically so as to reduce range ambiguity
pulsed wave
a single sound beam transmitted in a specific direction and its associated echoes
acoustic line
returning echoes
receive line
an image line on a screen
display line
general term referring to a beam
line
generated picture from a scan
image
time to transmit multiple beams
frame time
another name for frame frequency
frame rate
frequency at which signals are "viewed"
sampling rate
synonyms for frame time
scan time

acoustic scan time

acoustic frame time
modality that scans in many directions (in a plane)
scanned modalities

(think FANNED, like a face fan)
name the two categories, or modalities, into which ultrasound scanning techniques are placed
scanned, non-scanned

(think FANNED/NON-FANNED, like a face fan)
modality that scans only in one direction (one line)
non-scanned
name the scanned modalities
2-D (B-Mode)

color flow

3D
name the non-scanned modalities
CW Doppler

PW Doppler

M-Mode

A-Mode
what's the magnitude of amplitude and pulse duration in each of these modalities: 2-D, PW Doppler and CW Doppler
2-D (amplitude highest, PD lowest)
PW Doppler (amplitude lower, PD higher)
CW Doppler (amplitude lowest, PD continuous)
minimum acoustic line time, (PRP) equation
PRP = 13µsec * ID (cm)
temporal resolution is dramatically degraded with scanned/non-scanned modalities
scanned modalities (think FANNED, like a face fan)
the risk of thermal bioeffects is usually much greater with scanned/non-scanned modalities
non-scanned (think NON-FANNED)
what decreases the natural frequency of the crystal so fewer cycles are produced
backing material
frame time equation
frame time = PRP * # of lines
____ ____ is the time it takes to create a single frame or scan
frame time
relationship between frame rate and frame time
frame rate * frame time = 1
with color scans, each Color Display Line is comprised of multiple acoustic lines referred to as a ____ or an ____
packet, ensemble
the range of frequencies over which a device can operate
bandwidth
the maximum corner frequency minus the minimum corner frequency
bandwidth
how do you read this statement

-6dB = 4MHz
within 6dB from maximum frequency, there's a range of 4MHz (4MHz BW)
the bandwidth divided by the operating frequency
fractional bandwidth (FBW)
what is the reciprocal of FBW
quality factor (QF)
QF (quality factor) equation
QF = operating frequency / bandwidth
designed to optimize resolution and penetration
dynamic frequency tuning (sliding receive filters)
the transmit pulse is performed at the fundamental frequency and the receive frequency is twice the fundamental
harmonic imaging
receiving and processing two or more frequencies at narrower frequencies
frequency fusion (frequency compounding)
when is larger bandwidth not helpful
with CW Doppler, it requires little bandwidth
if the transducer has a short impulse response (short pulse duration), it will have a narrow/wide bandwidth
wide
if the transducer has a long impulse response (long pulse duration), it will have a narrow/wide bandwidth
narrow
another name for pulse duration (PD)
pulse width
name the modes, in order of importance, requiring the widest to the narrowest bandwidth
B-Mode

color Doppler

spectral PW Doppler

CW spectral Doppler
while assembling a packet, color Doppler is scanned/non-scanned
non-scanned
once packets are assembled with color Doppler, it becomes scanned/non-scanned
scanned, but not on tissue, it's essentially scanning the packets