Dm Chapter 19 And 20

Front 1

carbon steel instruments

Back 1

known for their hardnesss and ability to hold sharp, cutting edges.

sensitive than stainless steel instruments to: chemicals

susceptible to corrosion

require special handling

Front 2

stainless steel alloy

Back 2

iron

chromium

nickel

the amount of carbon steel is related to alloy's hardness and ability to hold sharp cutting edge.

chromium: enhances corrosion

nickel: improves mechanical properties of of the metal.

some instruments are made with two stainless steel.

1 is hard and maintain sharp cutting edges

2nd is more resistant to corrosion

Front 3

passivation

Back 3

makes instrument less likely to corrode

.a chemical process that creates a thin layer of chromium oxide on the surface of the instrument.

the layer:

transparent

tough

protects underlying metal

Front 4

electropolishing

Back 4

efficient method of polishing complex shapes.

produces a small, highly polished finish

high polished surface is less likely to corrode.

Front 5

corrosion

Back 5

metal is changed to metal oxide

EX: when iron is change to iron oxide or rust.

corrosion is increased in:

warm wet environments such as:

mouth or autoclave

Front 6

tarnish

Back 6

is a chemical or electrochemical attack on a metal surface.

corrosion starts as a surface discoloration: TARNISH

if it is a continuous film it will protect the metal from the environment.

Front 7

pitting

Back 7

localized corrosion

caused by a chemical electronic attack on surfaces

prevention:

.rinsing instruments

.avoiding long exposure to chloride acids

.avoiding detergents with high pH

. not mixing metal in ultrasonic cleaners

Front 8

spotting

Back 8

slow or improper drying leaves mineral deposits that cause spotting.

prevent:

check operation of autoclave

use chloride free solutions for:

sterilizing

disinfecting

rinsing

cleaning

Front 9

Rust

Back 9

is iron oxide that forms when iron or steel alloys corrode.

colors:

.black

.brown

.reddish

severe rust: appears as:

.pits in the surface or

.blisters, flake off the surface

Front 10

start of chapter 20

Back 10

infection control and safety in the dental office

Front 11

risk

Back 11

probability of harm

Front 12

safety

Back 12

opposite of risk

probability of no harm

Front 13

OSHA

Back 13

mandates the practice of Universal Precautions in dentistry when a potential exists for exposure to blood-borne pathogens in the dental operatory or laboratory

Front 14

standard precautions

Back 14

more recently guidelines have been issued for precautions with:

.blood

.other bodily fluids

.secretions

.except for sweat

Front 15

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Back 15

OSHA requires that dental professional wear PPE:

.surgeon gloves

.exam gloves

.over-gloves

.utility gloves

Front 16

surgeon gloves

Back 16

invasive procedure: surgery, periodontal scaling

Front 17

non sterile exam gloves

Back 17

may be worn for:

.examination

.nonsurgical procedures

Front 18

over-gloves

Back 18

are thin copolymer or plastic

.food hadler

may be worn over: nonsterile gloves

Front 19

utility gloves

Back 19

nonsterile puncture resistant gloves

worn:

.cleaning and processing of contaminated instruments.

.cleaning and disinfecting of contaminated surfaces.

.handling of chemicals.

they must be cleaned and disinfected after each use.

Front 20

latex allergies in dental staff

Back 20

gloves may cause skin problems:

.15% of dental students develop non-allergic irritation.

.contact dermatitis: 6 to 72 hrs. DELAYED

Front 21

immediate hypersensitivity

Back 21

indicated by:

.urticarial(HIVES)

.erythema(REDNESS)

Front 22

latex allergies in patients

Back 22

knowledge should be gained before any procedure during medical history review.

risk:

.history of allergies

.multiple surgeries

.frequent contact with latex

Front 23

latex dental products

Back 23

.ambu bags

.gloves

.mask neck/ear loopes

.N20/02 analgesia mask?

.orthodontic elastics

.rubber dams

.prophy cups

.syringe tips

Front 24

high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask

Back 24

must be worn when:

mycobacterium tuberculosis

standard mask are not intended to protect against inhalation of highly infectious aeresols

Front 25

hazards

Back 25

chemical hazards: can be splashed into the eyes

equipment: protective eyewear

Patient protection: protective eyewear

curring light hazard: safety shields

lasers: special eyewear is required for patient and clinician

Front 26

spalding classification of inanimate objects

Back 26

measurement of:

.critical

.semi-critical

.non critical

Front 27

critical objects

Back 27

must be sterilized in:

.steam

.heat

.dry heat

.saturated chemical vapor

Front 28

what items are critical

Back 28

items that may penetrate or touch broken mucous membranes or skin

.all instruments

.hand-pieces

.burs

must be cleaned ultrasonically or scrubbed

Front 29

semi critical

Back 29

radiographic film holders

shade guides

mouth props that contact but do not penetrate mucous membranes

Front 30

how are semi critical items sterilized

Back 30

heat or chemical liquid sterilization

heat sterilizer is preferred

chemical liquid sterilization may be necessary for items that may be damaged by heat

Front 31

non critical

Back 31

items do not come in contact with mucous membranes but are touched or contaminated during dental treatment:

.dental unit

.switches

.handles

.radiographic tube heads

.dental chair

.plaster bowls and spatulas

Front 32

intermediate level disinfectants

Back 32

used for non critical objects

. acceptable disinfectants regulated by EPA:

.tubercocidal and virucidal

must be virocidal against:

.lipholic and hydrophilic viruses

Front 33

lipophilic virus

Back 33

enveloped by lipids

. much easier to kill than hydrphilic

Front 34

hydrophilic virus

Back 34

coated with protein

Front 35

low level disinfectants

Back 35

detergents and cleaning agents

Front 36

spray, wipe, spray

Back 36

application from bottled surface disinfectants involves a spray wipe spray procedure

.initial spray: can be a clening agent

wiped with paper towel

final light spray and air dry for the time recommended by manufacturer.

Front 37

bulk supplies

Back 37

to avoid contamination of supplies stored in bulk, retrievers must be provided for aseptic removal

Front 38

kits

Back 38

kits of restorative materials must:

must be cleaned and disinfected between each patient

Front 39

unit dose

Back 39

packaging small amounts of materials or supplies in individual packets for use on individual patients

Front 40

exposure control plan

Back 40

laboratory must have a written exposure control plan that includes all steps necessary to prevent exposure to blood-borne pathogens.

also include protocol to follow if exposure to a blood borne pathogen occurs.

someone in the office should be designated to do this.

Front 41

ground fault circuit interrupter

Back 41

should be on the outside or in the electrical box

of GFI or GFCI becomes immersed in water the short circuit will trigger the GFI

electricity is then rapidly cut off

Front 42

material safety data sheet

Back 42

must meet OSHA definition of hazardous products

Front 43

nitrous oxide

Back 43

AKA laughing gas

effects that have been associated with exposure:

.spontaneous abortion

.reduced fertility

.neurologic

.hematologic

.immunologic

.liver

.kidney problems

. kinds of malignancy

Front 44

time weighed average

Back 44

measures the average exposure to a chemical over a period of time and (NIOSH)National institute of Occupational Safety and Health has publications giving advice of was to reduce exposure.