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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 types of diuretics |
osmotic loop potassium sparing thiazide |
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osmotic diuretic action and use |
pulls water in the renal tubule without acute situations to decrease intraocular pressure(glaucoma) increased intracranial pressure acute renal failure from drugs trauma or shock. |
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loop diuretic action and uses |
decreases edema associated with heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis chronic renal failure action - increases OUP even when blood flow to the kidneys is diminished, rapid excretion of lg amount of urine |
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thiazide diuretic |
uses- tx of mild to moderate HTN and edema d/t mild or moderate heart failure, liver failure, and renal failure action - distal tubules to block Na absorption and increase K and H2o excretion |
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K sparing diuretic |
uses- minimizes the loss of potassium K action- increases diuresis can be obtained without exchange of NA and K into blood causing Na to stay in tubule then leave thru the urine. |
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implications of diuretics |
BP, labs electrolytes, K,NA,chloride, BUN, serum creatin, uric acid, blood glucose, I&O, skin tugor, lung assessment, edema |
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Adverse effects of diuretics |
-loop-postural HTN, tinnitus< n/v/d, ototxicity, dizziness, fatigue, minor hypokalemia, dehydration, renal failure, anemia -thiazide-minor hypokalemia fatigue -K sparing- minor hypokalemia, headache, fatigue, gynecomastia |
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client teaching with use of diuretics |
expect increased output take meds in morning report ,muscle weakness, cramps, pulse changes, take k as ordered avoid foods high in Na monitor glucose closely, change position slowly BP, keep all app and labs report tenderness to joints check wt |
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symptoms of hypokalemia |
constipation , palpitations, fatigue, weakness, spams, numbness, tingling |
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symptoms of hyperkalemia |
arrhythmia, slow hr, weakness, nausea |
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symptoms of hyponatremia |
dehydration, thirst, fatigue, restlessness |
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normal labs for K |
3.5-5 meq |
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normal labs for Na |
136-145 |
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lab values to monitor during use diuretics |
Bun creatin, K, Na, electrolytes, chloride, uric acid, blood glucose |
