Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Types of diuretics
|
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Loop/high ceiling - Thiazides - Potassium-sparing - Osmotic |
|
|
How do Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors work?
|
1) inhibits carbonic anhydrase
2) inhibits HCO3- 3) no Na+ exchange |
|
|
What are some examples of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
|
Acetazolamide, dorzolamide, methazolamide
|
|
|
What conditions can Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) treat?
|
1) POAG (dec. aqeuous production)
2) angle closure 3) macular edema 4) mountain sickness |
|
|
What are some side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)
|
- metabolic acidosis
- potassium depletion - renal stones - myopic shift |
|
|
The use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) are contraindicated in which conditions/patients?
|
- sulfa allergy
- liver disease - airway disease - sickle cell - pregnancy - renal calculus |
|
|
What are some examples of Loop/High ceiling diuretics?
|
- Bumetanide
- Furosemide - Torsemide - Ethacrynic acid |
|
|
How do Loop/high ceiling diuretics work?
|
Decrease Na, K, and Cl reabsorption at ASCENDING loop of Henle.
|
|
|
What conditions can Loop/high ceiling diuretics treat?
|
- pulmonary edema
- CHF - hypercalcemia - hypertension |
|
|
What are some side effects of Loop/high ceiling diuretics?
|
- ototoxicity
- hyperuricemia (gout) - acute hypovolemia - hypokalemia |
|
|
What is the most powerful diuretic?
|
Loop/high ceiling diuretics
|
|
|
What are the most commonly used diuretics?
|
Thiazides
|
|
|
How do Thiazide diuretics work?
|
Inhibition of Na/Cl co-transport at DISTAL tubule
|
|
|
What are some examples of Thiazide diuretics?
|
- Chlorothiazide
- Hydrochlorothiazide - Chlorothalidone - Thiazide analogs |
|
|
What are the Thiazide analogs?
|
Metolazone and Indapamide
|
|
|
Which Thiazide analog can cause Na excretion even in advanced renal failure?
|
Metolazone
|
|
|
What conditions can Thiazide diuretics treat?
|
- hypertension
- edema in CHF and renal impairment - hypercalciuria - diabetes insipidus |
|
|
What are some side effects of Thiazide diuretics?
|
- potassium depletion
- hyperuricemia - hypercalcemia - hyperglycemia - blood volume depletion |
|
|
How do Potassium-sparing diuretics work?
|
1) act on COLLECTING duct
2) inhibit Na reabsorption 3) inhibit K secretion |
|
|
What are some examples of Potassium-sparing diuretics?
|
- Spironolactone
- Triamterene - Amiloride |
|
|
What are some side effects Spironolactone?
|
- gynecomastia
- menstrual irregularities - hyperkalemia *hyperkalemia is a potential side effect of all potassium-sparing diuretics |
|
|
Which potassium-sparing diuretics are effective in patients with Addison's disease?
|
Triamterene and Amiloride
|
|
|
Which potassium-sparing diuretic is not effective in patients with Addison's disease?
|
Sprionolactone
|
|
|
What are some side effects of Triamterene and Amiloride?
|
- leg cramps
- increased blood urea nitrogen - uric acid retention - hyperkalemia |
|
|
What are some examples of osmotic diuretics?
|
Mannitol and Urea
|
|
|
What conditions can Osmotic diuretics treat?
|
- acute renal failure
- acute angle closure glaucoma - increased ICP |
