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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Loop diuretics |
- most effective diuretics - block the re-absorption of Na and Cl in the loop of Henle
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Furosemide (Lasix) |
- most frequently prescribed loop diuretic - able to increase urine output even when blood flow to the kidney is diminished
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Torsemide (Demadex) |
-has a longer half-life than furosemide (Lasix) -can be used for once a day dosing |
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Bumetanide (Bumex) |
- 40 times more potent than furosemide - has a short duration of action |
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When giving loop diuretics |
- Check serum K levels - Use caution in premature infants and neonates - Older adults may require lower doses |
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Loop diuretic adverse effects |
- Potential electrolyte imbalances (most importantly hypokalemia) - Fluid loss (possible dehydration & hypotension) - Ototoxicity - rare - Sexual dysfunction |
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Thiazide diuretics |
- Largest most frequently prescribed class of diuretics - Act on the distal tubule to block Na re-absorption and increase K and water excretion - Used for the treatment of mild to moderate HTN, and edema related to heart failure, liver failure, and renal failure. - Less effective than loop diuretics and ineffective in severe renal failure *Thiazide diuretics can sometimes raise BS levels*
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Types of Thiazide diuretics |
Chlorothiazide (Diuril) Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) Chlorthalidone (Hygroton) |
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Thiazide Diuretics adverse effects |
- Hypokalemia - Potential electrolyte imbalances - Fluid loss (possible dehydration & hypotension) - Glucose intolerance - Sexual dysfunction - May precipitate gout attacks - May cross- react with sulfa allergy |
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Potassium - Sparing Diuretics |
- Less effective than loop diuretics - Often used in combination with other drugs to prevent hypokalemia |
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Potassium - Sparing Diuretics adverse effects |
- Hyperkalemia - Headache, fatigue - Fluid loss - Gynecomastia - Sexual dysfunction
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Miscellaneous Diuretics - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors |
- Acetazolamide (Diamox) - Methazolamide (Neptazane)
Used to decrease intraocular fluid in glaucoma
Adverse reactions: HA, dizziness, tremors, dry mouth, thrombophebitis, fluid and electrolyte imbalance
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Miscellaneous Diuretics - Osmotic Diuretics |
- glycerin (Colace) - mannitol (Osmitrol) (Only given IV, very potent) - Urea (ureaphil)
Used to treat acute urine failure, decrease intraocular fluid, cerebral edema
*Can increase edema* Use with caution with CHF and pulmonary edema
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