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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classes of Diuretics (7)
CLOPTAD |
Thiazide
Loop Osmotic Potassium-sparing Aldosterone antagonists Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Dopamine-receptor agonists |
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Thiazides
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Treatment of essential hypertension
Combination of diuresis, natriuresis and vasodilation are synergistic Can decrease the dose of antihypertensive agents Inhibits reabsorption of sodium, chloride ions in the ascending loops of Henle and distal renal tubules Causes peripheral vasodilation longterm |
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Thiazides Drugs- [2]
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Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide
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Loop Diuretics
Uses |
Mobilization of edema fluid due to renal, hepatic or cardiac dysfunction
Treatment of ICP Treatment of Hypercalcemia Differential diagnosis of acute oliguria |
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Loop Diuretics-Drugs-
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Furosemide, Ethanoic Acid, Bumetanide, Torsemide
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Loop Diuretics -MOA
Furosemide, Ethanoic Acid, Bumetanide, Torsemide |
Inhibit resorption of sodium and chloride in the medullary portions of ascending limbs of loops of Henle
Produces prostaglandins causing renal vasodilation and increase in renal blood flow Associated with allergic interstitial nephritis May increase Cephalosporin nephrotoxicity |
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Hypokalemia [5]
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Cardiac dysrythmias
Skeletal muscle weakness GI ileus Nephropathy Potentiation of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers |
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Osmotic Diuretics-Uses
Mannitol, Urea |
Treatment of ICP
Prophylaxis against acute renal failure Differential diagnosis of acute oliguria Decrease intraocular pressure |
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Osmotic Diuretics-Mechanism of action
Mannitol, Urea |
Act at proximal renal tubules and loops of Henle
Increases osmolarity of renal tubular fluid and prevents reabsorption of water IV only- not absorbed GI Urea crosses BBB causing rebound increase of ICP |
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Osmotic Diuretics-Drugs-
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Mannitol, Urea
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Potassium-sparing Diuretics-Uses
Triamterene, Amiloride |
Usually used in combination with loop diuretics or thiazide diuretics to augment diuresis
Decreases loss of potassium Not real effective |
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Potassium-sparing Diuretics-MOA
Drugs- Triamterene, Amiloride |
Act directly on renal tubular transport mechanisms in distal convoluted tubule
Inhibits potassium excretion into distal tubules |
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Potassium-sparing Diuretics
Drugs- |
Triamterene, Amiloride
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Aldosterone Antagonists-Uses
Spironolactone |
Treatment of refractory edematous states due to CHF and cirrhosis of the liver (increased levels of aldost.)
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Aldosterone Antagonists-MOA
Spironolactone |
Binds to cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptors on collecting ducts and blocks aldosterone
Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride Potassium sparing |
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors-Uses
Acetazolamide |
Treat altitude sickness
Decreases intraocular pressure in treatment of glaucoma Inhibits seizure activity |
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors-MOA-
Acetazolamide |
Sulfonamides
Produce noncompetitive inhibition of carbonic anhydrase enzyme in proximal renal tubules Excretion of H+ ions decreases, loss of Bicarbonate is increased-causes metabolic acidosis Decreases aqeous humor formation Exacerbation of COPD related respiratory acidosis |
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Dopamine-receptor Agonists-uses/MOA
Drugs- Dopamine, Fendoldopam |
Augment renal function and exert diuretic effect
Act on dopamine-1 and dopamine-2 receptors in kidneys Dopamine-1 receptors control vasodilation, increase renal blood flow, increase glomerular filtration rate |
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work on distuble tubules
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K sparing direteics
Triamterene, Amiloride |
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Dopamine-receptor Agonists-
drugs? |
Drugs- Dopamine, Fendoldopam
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work on distal tubule, proximal portion?
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thiazides
Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide |
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work on ascending loop?
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loop diuretics
Furosemide, Ethanoic Acid, Bumetanide, Torsemide |
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work on proximal tubule and descending loop?
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osmotic diuretics
mannitol, urea |
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work on proximal tubules
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide |
