• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/24

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
various part of tubule
proximal - 65% solultes reabosrbed
loop of henle thin D perm to water
thick/thin A - imperm to h20 and urea

Thick ascending limb - Na/k/2cl absorber

macula densa TAL makes contact...senses Na+ concentration

if high na+ - constrct Affecent...decrease GFR

if low - renin produced...increases syn of Angiotenion II...constricts efferent increses GFR

distal tubule - Na/Cl absorbed...IMPERM to water

late distal + collecting duct...depends on ADH...(more ADH more water resorbed)
carbonic anydrase inhibitors
proximal tubule

acetazolamide
dozolamide (topical)
thiazides & congeners
EDT

hydrochlorothiazide
indapamide
loop diuretics
TAL

furosemide
ethacrynic acid
K+ sparing diuretics
LDT & CCT

triamterene
amiloride
spironolactone
osmotic diuertics
Thin D L

mannitol
ADH antagonists
lithium
demeclocycline
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Inhibit NaHCO3 reabsorption blocks CA

excretion of Na, K, HCO3, H2po4

decreased excretion of Nh4, H+
(leads to acidosis) --hyper Cl...bc exits cells when H+ is high
- hypokalemia too with ncreases the lumen negative potential which favors K+ excretion
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- uses
removes 5% of Na+..
- fast tolerance 2-3 days
- good for aqueous humor stop (glacoma)
- decrease CSF ACUTE MTN sickness
- epilipsey (inhibit na+ into cells)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - adverse
paresthsias
nephrolithasis (ppt of ca+2 salts)
sulfa-alergies

CONTRADICTIONS

hepatic cirrhosis
COPD
Thiazides
sulfonamides

MOA: blocks Na/Cl in EDCT

Renal: Increased renal excretion of: Na+, K+, H+, Mg++, Cl-, HCO3-, H2PO4-. - Decreased renal excretion of: Ca++, NH4+, urates. - Urine pH: alkaline (due to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase). - Acid-base balance: metabolic alkalosis.

5-10% NA....stops if GFR is less then 30 mL

Vasular - arterioialr vasodilation
Thiazides - Adverse
hypokalemia
hypochloeria
hypercalecmia
meetablisc alkalosis (H+ loss)

Sexual dysfunction

contraindicatiosn
Digitalized patients
thiazides - USE
Hypertenteion (first choice)
- ememda (heart,liver, kidney)
Loop diuretics
Etharcynic A = not sulfonamidel..rest are

MOA: block Na/k/2cl in TAL

blocks Macula Densa sensitivity
- inhibits tuboglom feedback
- stimulates renin release

20-25% Na+ ....works with poor GFR too

vasodialtion in VENOUS beds
due to PG syn

Metabolic Alkalosis...diluting capacity of kidney is decreased
Loop Diuretics - adverse
hypokalemia
hypocholemia
hypovolemia


GI bleeding
Tinnitus
Allergry - sulfas
Loop - uses
acute pulm edema
HF
Ascities (RSHF...decreas preload..w/ venous dialtion)
hypertension
hypercalcemia
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
spironolactone - blocks aldosterone receptors in LDT & CCT...synthsis of Na/K + Na+ channels impaired)

Triameterne + amiloride = block Na+ channels

urine pH = alkaline
...maybe slight acidocis

low efficacy 2% Na+
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS- adverse
hyperkalemia - paraeshtisa, diarrhea, bradycard, AV block

Spiron - sexual dysfunction, gynecosamastia, prost hyper

Contra

Severe hepatic disease (drug-induced fluctuations in serum electrolyte concentration can occur rapidly and precipitate coma). - Patient treated with drugs that blunt the renin angiotensin system (beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors). - Patients receiving high doses of NSAIDs (these drugs can cause hyperkalemia).
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS - uses
Spironolactone - primary hyperaldos - adrenal adenoma
secondary hyperald - hepatic cirrhosis, CHF, nepthoitic, renal stenosis

amiloride - lithium-induced DI

all treat: hypokalemic states
Osmotic diuretics
limit h20 reabsorption
DTL + Prox tub

Vascular - initial extracelluar expansion...later reductiotion

- reduces intraocular/intracranial
osmo - adverse
extra - contraction
hypovoluemia, dehydration, hypernatermia

extra - expansion (cardiac + renal disease)

oposite
osmo - uses
reduce cerebral edema b4 & after neurosurg

acute angle-closs glaucoma

CONTRA - severe renal failure, HF, pulm edema, hypovol
hypokalemia
less then 3.5

Skeletal muscle weakness, flaccid muscle paralysis, rhabdomyolysis, respiratory failure. - Disturbances in cardiac repolarization (which may precipitate serious arrhythmias in patients receiving digitalis).
- Constipation, paralytic ileus. - Polyuria, polydipsia.
hyperkal
more then 5.3

Disturbances in cardiac excitability and conduction (which may lead to accelerate repolarization, slowing of A-V conduction, A-V Block, and cardiac standstill) - Flaccid paralysis (in case of severe hyperkalemia)