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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the potassium wasting diuretics?
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Thiazides: HCTZ
Loop diuretics: Furosemide |
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What is the mechanism behind all of the diuretics?
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Get rid of the sodium!
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Where are the places that sodium is reabsorbed in the kidneys?
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Proxiumal tubule: 60-70%
ASCENDING LOOP: 20-25% Distal tubule: 5% CD: 2-3% |
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What are contraindications for diuretics?
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Lithium: increased risks of toxicity
Other tiuretics: excessive fluid depletion Hypertensives: hypotension NSAIDS: decreased activity of diuretics Digoxin: toxicity with K-wasting diuretics |
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What is the prototype carbonic anhydrase diuretic?
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Acetazolamide
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What is the prototype ADH antagonist?
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Conivaptan
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What is the prototype Thiazie?
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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What are the indications for thiazides?
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Essential HTN
Edema Nephrolithiasis due to idiopathic hypercalciuria Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
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What is the mechanism of Thiazides? Where does it work?
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Inhibition of an Na-Cl symporter --> blocks Na transport into the cell
Luminal side of the epithelia in the DCT |
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What does the dose response curve look for the thiazides?
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Slow!
Flat --> it's not a high ceiling diuretic |
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What is the effect of thiazideson acid-base balance?
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It doesn't have any effect!
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What are the effects of thiazides on other solutes?
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Hyper GLUC
Glucose Lipidemia Uremia Calcemia Hypo Kalemia Natremia |
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What is the effect of HCTZ on sodium electrolyte levels? Why?
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Hyponatremia!
Proportionally more sodium than free water loss |
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What patients may have an allergic reaction to the thiazides? Why?
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People who are reactive to sulfa drugs
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What is the prototype high-ceiling diuretic?
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Furosemide
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What are the indications for the use of furosemide?
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Edemia (chronic, acute)
HTN (2nd line) Support of failing kidney |
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What is the response time for loop diuretics?
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FAST!
Quicker rate of action than any of the others: <30 min orally |
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What is the mechanism of furosemide?
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INhibition of Na/K/Cl channel in the thick ascending limb; results in loss of the countercurrent multiplier
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What are the side effects of loop diuretics?
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Increased Ca, Mg excretion
Hypotension risk Hearing loss |
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What kind of diuretics are torsemide, ethacrynic acid, and bumetanide?
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loop diuretics
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What is the treatment of hypokalemia?
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Parenteral K salts
Diet Oral K supplements K-sparing duretics |
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What are the two main classes of K-sparing diuretics?
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Aldosterone-independent
Aldosterone dependent |
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What are the aldosterone independent diuretics?
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Triamterene
AMILORIDE! |
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What are the alosterone dependent diuretics?
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Spironolactone
Eplerenone |
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What is the mechanism of tramterene, amiloride?
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Inhibits a principal cell transporter of sodium in the PCT (
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What are the indications for CA inhibitors?
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Adjunct to glaucoma
Hudrocephalus Epilipsy Mountain-altitude problems |
