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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a diuretic?
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a drug that increases the rate of urine flow or volume
also increases the rate of Na excretion as NaCl |
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What is a drug that causes an increase in urination and a decrease in volume?
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Bethanocol
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What is the main cardiovascular diuretic?
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digitalis
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (milrinone, aminophylline) treatment of edema associated with chronic heart failure |
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Whta are the phophodiesterase inhibitors?
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Aminophylline
Inamrinone Milrinone they are cardiovascular diuretics |
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Why are loop diuretic most effective?
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25% of Na is reabsorbed in the loop of henle and that is where these drugs act
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What are examples of osmotic drugs?
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Mannitol
Urea Glycerin Isosorbide |
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Where do osmotic diuretics act?
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ascending loop of henle and the proximal convoluted tubule
they act by osmotic effect and increase renal blood flow |
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How is mannitol administered?
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IV
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What are the uses for manital?
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cerebral edema, acute glaucoma,
acute renal failure, drug overdose |
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What drugs are loop diuretcs?
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Furosemide
Dumetanide Ethacrynic acid there are all weak acids |
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What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?
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inhibit Na-K-2cl symporter causes diuresis
act on ascending loop of henle |
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What are the side effects of loop diuretics?
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Hypokalemia and systemic alkalosis
High Na in lumen facilitates the excretion of K & H |
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What are loop diuretics used for? How about in horses?
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Acute pulmonary edema, generalized edema, localized edema, hyponatremia (by keeping Na in body)
Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage |
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What are the Thiazide diuretuics?
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Hydrocholorothiazide & Chlorothiazide
There drugs are administered PO |
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What is the mechanism of action for Thiazide diuretics?
Where do they act in the kidney? What percent of Na reabsorption occurs here? |
Inhibit Na+Cl symporters
DCT 5% |
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Thiazide diuretuics have side effects similar to what other diuretic?
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loop diuretics
they cause hypokalemia and systemic alkalosis |
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What are the therapeutic uses of Thiazide diuretics?
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Acute glomerular nephritis
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus rest similar to loops Treatment for hypertension |
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What are the Potassium-sparing diuretics?
What is the main benefit of these drugs? |
Spironolactone
Trimterene Amiloride They don't decrease K!, but not very strong diuretics |
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What is the mechanism of action of Spironolactone?
Where do they act? |
A potassium sparing diuretic that Competitively blocks aldosterone -> excretion of NaCl & retains K and H+
Late distal tubule and collecting duct |
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How is Spironolactone administered?
What is the onset of action? |
it is administered PO with a onset of 2-3 days, long lasting
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What are the therapeutic uses for Spironolactone? Side effects?
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Treatment of primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia
HYPERkalemia & systemic acidosis (due to retention of K and H+) |
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Which of the K-sparing drugs act on the luminal membrane directly blocking Na+ channels?
What part of the kidney do they act on? |
Triamterene and amiloride
Late distal tubule and collecting duct |
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What are the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs)? (DAM)
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Acetazolamide
Methazolamide Dorzolamide, brinzolamide (ophthalmic) |
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What is the mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
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Reversible inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
acts on the PCT, CD |
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What is the main therapeutic use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
How does it do this? What is acetazolamide used for? |
Tx of chronic glaucoma
The inhibition of CA decreases the formation of aqueous humor udder edema |
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What are the adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
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Mild systemic acidosis
Hypokalemia Hyperglycemia |
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What is the main function of ADH?
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Stimulates the reabsorption of water in the DCT & CD
Increase water in ECF and decreases osmolality |
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What is Pitressin and what is it used for?
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natural ADH, it is used to differentiate between central and nephrogenic diabetes
if it response to pitressin it is central |
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What is the drug of choise for treating central diabetes insipidus?
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desmoporessin
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What is the drug of choice for treating nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
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thiazide diuretics
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What is the cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
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a condition where the kidney does not respond to ADH
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