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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which medications, commonly used after MI or cardiac cath with stent placement, inhibit platelet aggregation by inhibiting the ADP pathway involved in fibrinogen binding?
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Clopidogrel
Mech: inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors Mech: inhibits fibrinogen binding by preventing glycoprotein IIB/IIIa Use: Acute coronary stroke, coronary stenting Decreases incidence and recurrence of thrombotic stroke Toxicity: Neutropenia |
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What is ankylosing spondylitis?
What is the typical profile of a pt with ankylosing spondylitis? |
Arthritis without RF Anti-IgG Ab
Strong association with HLA B27 M>F Young Chronic inflammatory disease of spine and sacroiliac joints leads to ankylosis (stiff spine due to fusion of joints), uveitis, and aortic regurgitation |
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What are the potential metabolic fates of pyruvate?
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Alanine
Oxaloacetate Acetyl-CoA Lactate |
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Which anti-fungal is a swish and swallow formulation designed for oral candidiasis (thrush)?
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Nystatin
Mech: binds to ergosterol, disrupting fungal membranes Too toxic for systemic use, but used topically for oral candidiasis and for diaper rash and vaginal candidiasis |
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Which antifungal is nephrotoxic?
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Amphotericin B
Mech: binds ergosterol to form membrane pores that allow electrolyte leakage |
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Which antifungal deposits in keratin-containing tissue (nails)?
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Griseofulvin
Mech: interferes with microtubule function to disrupt mitosis Use: superficial infections and dermatophytes Adverse: teratogenic, carcinogenic, confusion, headaches, increases P450, and warfarin metabolism |
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Which anti-fungal is used for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS?
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Fluconazole
Mech: inhibits ergosterol synthesis and crosses BBB Adverse: endogenous hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), liver dysfunction (inhibits P450), fever, chills |
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Which anti-fungal is teratogenic and carcinogenic?
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Griseolfulvin
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What are the 3 common androgens in order from the most potent to the least potent?
Which antiandrogen drug is useful in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia? How does this agent work? |
DHT>testosterone>androstenedione
BPH: Finasteride Mech: 5 alpha reductase inhibitor which decreases the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone Also promotes male pattern hair growth |
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By what mechanisms does vitamin D alter serum calcium and phosphate levels?
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Increases absorption of dietary calcium
Increases absorption of dietary phosphate Increases bone resorption of calcium and phosphate |
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What are the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma?
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Typically preceded by endometrial hyperplasia
Prolonged use of estrogen without progestins, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, nulliparity, and late menopause |
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How do NSAIDS cause renal damage?
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NSAIDs decrease prostaglandins which dilate afferent arterioles (increased RPF, increased FGR, so FF remains constant)
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What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
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Gastrin -secreting tumor of pancreas or duodenum
Causes recurrent ulcers May be associated with MEN type 1 |
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What are the muscles of mastication?
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3 muscles close the jaw: Masseter, teMporalis, Medial pterygoid
M's Munch 1 opens: lateral pterygoid All innervated by trigeminal V3 |
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What agent can be given as an inhaled drug to loosen mucus plugs, can be given orally to treat acetaminophen overdose, and can be given orally as prophylaxis against IV contrast-induced nephropathy in those with preexisting renal disease?
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N-acetylcysteine
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What syndrome causes the triad of sterility, bronchiectasis, and recurrent sinusitis?
What is the primary defect in this syndrome? |
Kartagener's syndrome
Mech: immotile cilia due to dynein arm defect Also results in situs inversus |
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What is the cause of I-cell disease?
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Inclusion cell disease
Inherited lysosomal storage disorder Failure of addition of mannose-6-phosphate to lysosome proteins Sx: coarse facial features, clouded corneas, restricted joint movements, high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes Often fatal in childhood |
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What structure traps the inferior poles of a horseshoe kidney?
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Inferior mesenteric artery
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Which anticancer agent fits the following description? (FA p360- FA p363)
- given for estrogen sensitive breast cancers - S-phase antimetabolite; myelosuppression reversible with leucovorin - S-phase antimetabolite; myelosuppression not reversible with leucovorin - ototoxic and nephrotoxic (much like aminoglycosides and loop diuretics) - 2 agents known for causing pulmonary fibrosis - inhibits topoisomerase II |
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