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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What virus is primarily responsible for roseola?
What is the characteristic presentation of roseola? |
HHV-8
Family: Herpesviridae Sx: high fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by diffuse macular rash |
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What is the mechanism of action and clinical use for methylphenidate?
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Aka Ritalin
Mech: increase presynaptic NE vesicular release Indications: ADHD |
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What is the most common cause of Erb-Duchenne palsy?
What are the characteristic findings of Erb-Duchenne palsy? |
Aka waiter's tip
Cause: Traction or tear of upper trunk of brachial plexus (C5 and C6 roots), blow to shoulder or trauma during delivery Findings: limb hangs by side (paralysis of abductors), medially rotated (paralysis of lateral rotators), forearm is pronated (loss of biceps) |
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What is the mechanism of action of neostigmine?
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Indirect agonist via anticholinesterase action leadint to increased endogenous Ach
Does not penetrate CNS Indications: post-op/neurogenic ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reveral of NM blockade post-surgically |
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What is the mechanism of action of bethanechol?
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Mech:cholinomimetic
Activates Bowel and Bladder smooth muscle Resistant to AChE Indications: post-op/neurogenic ileus, urinary retention |
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What is the mechanism of action of hexamethonium?
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Mech: nicotinic antagonist
Clinical Use: help smokers quit Adverse: severe orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfunction |
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What is the mechanism of action of atropine?
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Mech: muscarinic antagonist
Effects: increase pupil dilation, decrease airway secretions, decrease stomach acid secretion, decrease motility, decrease urgency in cystitis |
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What is the mechanism of action of carbachol?
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Mech: cholinomimetic
Indications: glaucoma, pupillary contraction, release of intraocular pressure |
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What is the function of MacConkey’s agar?
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MacConkey's agar show lactose fermentation.
Pink=fermentation=E Coli |
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For what reasons are tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones not given to children?
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Tetracycline causes discoloration of teeth and inhibits bone growth in children
Fluoroquinolones cause leg cramps and myalgias in children and tendonitis in adults |
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A depressed pt of yours has suicidal ideation. What would you take into consideration when determining the likelihood of this person actually committing suicide?
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Risk factors for completion: Sex (male), Age (teenager or elderly), Depression, Previous attempt, Ethanol or drug use, Sickness (medical illness or >3 prescription meds), Organized plan, No spouse, Social support lacking
SAD PERSONS Women try more often, men succeed more often |
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How does standard deviation differ from standard error of the mean?
Which is used in calculating confidence intervals? |
The standard error of the mean takes the standard deviation and divides by the square root of the sample size. So the standard error is less than the standard deviation and the standard error decreases as the sample size increases.
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What is the structure of collagen?
What steps are involved in the formation of collagen? |
Structure: alpha chains in a triple helix
Steps: Fibroblasts synthesize, hydroxylate, glycosylate and exocytose. Procollagen outside the cell is proteolytically processed and cross-linked. Scury inhibits hydroxylation. Osteogenesis Imperfecta inhibits glycosylation inhibiting triple helix. Ehlers-Dahnlos inhibits collagen cross-linking. |
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What substances are derived from the amino acid phenylalanine?
What substances are derived from the amino acid tryptophan? |
Phenylalanine: tyrosine, thyroxine, dopa, melanin, dopamine, NE, Epi
Tryptophan: Serotonin, Melatonin, Niacin, NAD+/NADP+ |
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What structures arise from the Paramesonephric ducts?
What other name is given to the Paramesonephric ducts? |
Develop into fallopian tube, uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina
Aka Mullerian Ducts |
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What cell type produces PTH? What cell type produces calcitonin?
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Chief cells of the parathyroid.
Parafollicular (C cells) of thyroid |
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What are some of the signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
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TRAP
Tremor at rest (pill-rolling) Rigidity Akinesia Postural instability Lewy Bodies composed of alpha-synuclein intracellular inclusion Depigmentation of the substantia nigra due to loss of dopaminergic neurons |
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What side effects are common with ACE inhibitor administration?
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Cough
Angioedema Proteinuria Taste changes hypOtension Pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage) Rash Increased renin Lower angiotensin II Hyperkalemia CAPTOPRIL |
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What abnormality is associated with a boot-shaped heart?
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Tetralogy of Fallot
Due to RV hypertrophy |
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What abnormality is associated with a continuous machine-like murmur?
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Patent ductus arteriosis
Maintained by PGE synthesis ENDomethacin (Indomethacin) ENDs patency of PDA |
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What abnormality is associated with webbing of the neck?
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Turner's Syndrome
XO Decreased estrogen leads to increased LH and FSH |
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What abnormality is associate with a Barr body?
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Klinefelter's syndrome
XXX (3rd X is inactivated and called Barr body) |
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What abnormality is associated with a simian crease?
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Down's syndrome
Trisomy 21 1:700 live births |
