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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the caloric needs for an infant younger than 6 months?
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100-120 kCal/kg/day
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What are the most common problems that arise in premature infants?
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Respiratory distress syndrome. hypoglycemia, persistent PDA, infection/sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis
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What is the different between caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma?
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Caput: diffuse swelling or edema of the scalp, edema crosses suture lines, resolves within a few days
Cephalohematoma: subperiosteal hemorrhage, does not cross suture lines, resolves in wks to months |
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What is the next step in the management of a newborn female with bloody vaginal discharge in the first week of life?
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Reassurance
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2-3mm yellow pustule with red base (similar appearance to white-head) arising in first 24-72 hours, microscopic examination of pustular contents reveals numerous eosinophils, usually gone by 3 weeks.
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Erythema toxicum neonatorium
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What medications can be used to treat thrush in an infant?
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Oral nystatin
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What are preventative measure for SIDS?
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Sleeping on the back, pacifier use when sleeping
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What can you consider for a delayed anterior fontanelle closure?
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Down syndrome, Rickets, achondroplasia, congenital hypothyroidism, increased intracranial pressure
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What mnemonic can you use for the questions you should ask during an annual adolescent exam?
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HEADSSS
Home environment Education/employment Activities Drugs Sexual Activity Suicide/Depression Safety |
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Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
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Measles (rubeola) infection
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What is the signs/symptoms for measles?
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Coplick spots on buccal mucosa after 1-2 days (white-gray spots with a red base)
Rash five days after prodrome onset: erythematous, maculopapular starting at the head then spreading to the feet -> lasts 4-5 days -> resolves from head down |
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What is the treatment for measles?
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- Supportive therapy
- Monitoring and treating bacterial superinfections such as pneumonia or otitis media - Vitamin A |
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What is the lymphadenopathy seen in rubella vitus?
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Suboccipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
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What rash starts at the face, then generalizes?
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Rubella virus
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What are the characteristic features of coxsackie hand, foot, and mouth disease?
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- Constitutional fever and anorexia
- Oral vesicles on the buccal mucosa and tongue - Small, tender, maculopapular/vesicular rash on the hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks - Duration is 3-5 days without complications |
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What are the characteristic findings of scarlet fever rash?
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- Rash is coarse ("sand-paper-like"), erythematous and blancing
- Rash starts on the trunk then generalizes, but spares palms and soles - Rash is most prominent in skin creases of axilla and groin |
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What are the characteristic symptoms of roseola infantum (HHV-6)?
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- Sudden high fever (exceeding 102 F) for 3-4 days
- Child has no other signs of infection and often acts/plays normally - Rash that appears when fever dissipates and starts on the trunk then spreads over entire body and lasts < 24 hours - Other common findings: erythematous papules on soft palate and uvula, mild cervical LAD< edematous eyelids, bulging anterior fontanel in infants |
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What is the treatment for roseola infantum?
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Supportive care, anti-pyretics as needed
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What are the antibiotics used for pertussis?
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Azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, TMP-SMX
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What newborn skin finding matches the following description?
- 2-3mm yellow pustule with red base (similar appearance to white-head) arising in first 24-72 hours, microscopic examination of the pustular contents reveals numerous eosinophils - spider-webbing/marbling of the skin - Intense reddening of gravity dependent side and blanching of the nondependent side with a line of demarcation between the two - Due to accumulation of sweat beneath eccrine sweat ducts that are obstructed by keratin |
2-3mm yellow pustule with red base (similar appearance to white-head) arising in first 24-72 hours, microscopic examination of the pustular contents reveals numerous eosinophils
- Erythema toxicum neonatorum spider-webbing/marbling of the skin - Cutus marmorata Intense reddening of gravity dependent side and blanching of the nondependent side with a line of demarcation between the two - Harlequin color change Due to accumulation of sweat beneath eccrine sweat ducts that are obstructed by keratin - Milia |
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If you are required to treat measles with medication, what would you use?
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Vitamin A
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What is the treatment for roseola infantum?
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Observation
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What would you suspect as the cause of delayed closure of the anterior fontanelle?
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Down's syndrome, Ricket's, Achondroplasia, congenital hypothyroidism, elevated ICP
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How would you expect weight to increase in the first 2 years of life?
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Doubles by 4 months
Triples by 1 year Quadruples by 2 years |
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When do children first exhibit stranger anxiety? When is gender identity typically formed?
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Stranger anxiety at 6-9 months
Gender identity formed at 2-3 years |
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When can children begin to eat solid foods? When can children drink cow's milk?
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Solid food at 4-6 months
Cows milk at 12 months |
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What interventions have been shown to reduce the incidence of SIDS?
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Sleep on back
Pacifier use Electric fan Limit blankets/pillows and stuffed animals No smoking in house |
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When can a child convert from a rear-facing car seat to a front-facing car seat?
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After 20 pounds and 1-4 years
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How many total doses of the DTaP vaccine should a 6-year old have received?
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5
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At what age is the meningococcal vaccine indicated?
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After age 11
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What is the most common malformation of the head and neck?
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Unilateral cleft lip
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What are the differences in presentation between a branchial cleft cyst and a thyroglossal duct cyst?
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Branchial cleft cyst: Lateral neck
Thyroglossal duct cyst: Midline neck, moves with swallowing, most common congenital neck cyst, a/w ectopic thyroid tissue |
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What glycogen storage disease matches the following statement?
- Lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia (gout) - Diaphragm weakness -> respiratory failure - Increased glycogen in liver, severe fasting hypoglycemia |
Lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia (gout)
- Type I Von Gierke's disease Diaphragm weakness -> respiratory failure - Type II Pompe's disease Increased glycogen in liver, severe fasting hypoglycemia - Von Gierke's disease |
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Which glycogen storage disease matches the following statement?
- Hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia (normal kidneys, lactate, and uric acid) - Painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria with strenuous exercise - Severe hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged kidneys |
Hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia (normal kidneys, lactate, and uric acid)
- Type III Cori's disease Painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria with strenuous exercise - Type V McArdle's disease Severe hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged kidneys - Type I Von Gierke's disease |
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Which immunodeficiency matches the following description?
- Congenital heart defect + low calcium + recurrent infections - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis + chronic diarrhea + failure to thrive - Thrombocytopenia + eczema + recurrent infections - Poor smooth pursuit of eyes + elevated AFP after 8 months - Partial albinism + recurrent URIs + neurological disorders |
Congenital heart defect + low calcium + recurrent infections
- DiGeorge syndrome Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis + chronic diarrhea + failure to thrive - SCID Thrombocytopenia + eczema + recurrent infections - Wiskott-Aldrich Poor smooth pursuit of eyes + elevated AFP after 8 months - Ataxia-telangiectasia Partial albinism + recurrent URIs + neurological disorders - Chediak-Higashi syndrome |
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Which genetic disorder matches the following description?
- Cleft lip/palate, life expectance < 1 year, polydactyly - High-pitched cat-like cry - Elfin facial features, cardiac defects - Tall, thin male with gynecomastia and testicular atrophy - Obesity and overeating |
Cleft lip/palate, life expectance < 1 year, polydactyly
- Patau High-pitched cat-like cry - Cri-du-chat Elfin facial features, cardiac defects - William's syndrome Tall, thin male with gynecomastia and testicular atrophy - Klinefelter's syndrome Obesity and overeating - Prader-Willi |
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Which genetic disorder matches the following description?
- Micrognathia, life expectancy < 1 year, rocker-bottom feet - Happy mood, inappropriate laughter, ataxic gait - Large ears, mental retardation, macroorchidism - Mental retardation, simian crease, GI and cardiac abnormalities - Short stature, infertility, coarctation of the aorta |
Micrognathia, life expectancy < 1 year, rocker-bottom feet
- Edward's syndrome Happy mood, inappropriate laughter, ataxic gait - Angelman's Large ears, mental retardation, macroorchidism - Fragile X Mental retardation, simian crease, GI and cardiac abnormalities - Down's syndrome Short stature, infertility, coarctation of the aorta - Turner's syndrome |
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When do infections typically begin in children with immune disorders?
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Age > 3 months
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Which glycogen storage disease matches the following statement?
- Lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia (gout) - Diaphragm weakness -> respiratory failure - Increased glycogen in liver, severe fasting hypoglycemia |
Lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia (gout)
- Type I Von Gierke's disease Diaphragm weakness -> respiratory failure - Type II Pompe's disease (adult form) Increased glycogen in liver, severe fasting hypoglycemia - Von Gierke's disease |
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Which glycogen storage disease matches the following statement?
- Hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia (normal kidneys, lactate, and uric acid) - Painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria with strenuous exercise - Severe hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged kidneys |
Hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia (normal kidneys, lactate, and uric acid)
- Type III Cori's disease Painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria with strenuous exercise - Type V McArdle's disease Severe hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged kidneys - Type I Von Gierke's disease |
