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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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Lymphomas
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: Down's syndrome
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ALL, AML
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: Plummer-Vinson syndrome
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: tuberous sclerosis
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Cardiac rhabdomyoma
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: ataxia telangectasia
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Leukemia/Lymphoma
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: Paget's disease of the bone
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Osteosarcoma, Fibrosarcoma
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TYPE OF CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH: Rb
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Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma
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TYPE OF CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH: DPC
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Pancreatic Cancer
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TYPE OF CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH: p53
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All cancers
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TYPE OF CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH: APC
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Colorectal cancer
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TYPE OF CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH: WT1
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Wilm's tumor
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TYPE OF CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH: BRCA1 and BRCA2
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Breast cancer, ovarian cancer
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: nitrosamines
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Esophageal, Stomach
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: asbestos
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Meothelioma
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: naphtalene
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Bladder transitional cell carcinoma
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: arsenic
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: EBV
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Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: HPV
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Genital cancers
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: Schistoma haematobium
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Squamous cell cancer of the bladder
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TUMOR MARKER: hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV, HBC)
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AFP
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TUMOR MARKER: ovarian cancer
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CA125
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TUMOR MARKER: pancreatic cancer
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CA99
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TUMOR MARKER: melanoma
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S-100
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TUMOR MARKER: colon cancer
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CEA
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TUMOR MARKER: astrocytoma
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S-100
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: ACTH - Cushing's syndrome
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Small cell lung cancer
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: erythropoietin - polycythemia
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Renal carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pheochromocytoma
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NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH: ADH - SIADH
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Small cell lung cancer
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ANTICANCER DRUG: forms a complex between topoisomerase II and DNA
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etoposide
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ANTICANCER DRUG: alkylates DNA; toxicity is pulmonary fibrosis
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busulfan
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ANTICANCER DRUG: fragments DNA; toxicity is pulmonary fibrosis
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bleomycin
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ANTICANCER DRUG: blocks purine synthesis, metabolized by xanthine oxidase
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6-mercaptopurine
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ANTICANCER DRUG: cross-links DNA, nephrogenic, ototoxic
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cisplatin, carboplatin
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ANTICANCER DRUG: nitrogen mustard, alkylates DNA (electrophil binds DNA)
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cyclophosphamide
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ANTICANCER DRUG: folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
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methotrexate
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ANTICANCER DRUG: prevents tubulin disassembly
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paclitaxel
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ANTICANCER DRUG: intercalates DNA, produces oxygen free radicals, cardiotoxic
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doxorubicin, daunorubicin
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ANTICANCER DRUG: DNA alkylating agents used in brain cancer
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Nitrosureas
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ANTICANCER DRUG: prevents tubulin assembly
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vincristin, vinblastine
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ANTICANCER DRUG: inhibits thymidylate synthase leading to decreased nucleotide synthesis
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5-fluorouaracil
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ANTICANCER DRUG: SERM - blocks estrogen binding to ER(+) cells
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tomoxifen, raloxifen
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ANTICANCER DRUG: mechanism similar to antivirals acyclovir and foscarnet
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cytarabine
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ANTICANCER DRUG: mechanism similar to fluoroquinolones
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etoposide
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ANTICANCER DRUG: mechanism similar to trimethoprim
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methotrexate
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ANTICANCER DRUG: monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (erb-B2)
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trastuzumab
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ANTICANCER DRUG: free radical induced DNA strand breakage
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bleomycin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin
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ANTICANCER DRUG: inhibitor of PRPP synthetase
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6-mercaptopurine
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ANTICANCER DRUG: reversible with leucovorin
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methotrexate
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ANTICANCER DRUG: treatment for choriocarcinoma
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methotrexate, vincristine, vinblastine
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ANTICANCER DRUG: treatment for AML
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cytarabine
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ANTICANCER DRUG: treatment for CML
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busulfan, imatinib
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ANTICANCER DRUG: prevents breast cancer
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tomoxifen, raloxifen
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ANTICANCER DRUG: treatment for testicular cancer
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etoposide, bleomycin, cisplatin
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ANTICANCER DRUG: applied topically for actinic keratosis and basal cell cancers
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5-fluorouaracil
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ANTICANCER DRUG: treatment for childhood cancers (Ewing's sarcoma, Wilm's tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma)
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dactinomycin
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ANTICANCER DRUG: inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
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hydroxyurea
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ANTICANCER DRUG: side effect of hemorrhagic cystitis
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cyclophosphamide
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ANTICANCER DRUG: antibody against Philadelphia chromosome
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imatinib
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Side Effects of Prednisone use.
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Cushing's syndrome, immunosuppression, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis, insomnia
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THALAMUS: somatosensory from body (via medial lemniscus and spinothalamic)
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VPL nucleus
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THALAMUS: communications from prefrontal cortex
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Mediodorsal nucleus
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THALAMUS: cerebellum (dentate nucleus) and basal ganglia to motor cortex
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VL nucleus
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THALAMUS: trigeminothalamic and taste pathways to somatosensory cortex
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VPM nucleus
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THALAMUS: retina to occiptal lobe
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LGN
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THALAMUS: basal ganglia to prefrontal, premotor, and orbital cortices
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VA nucleus
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THALAMUS: mamillothalamic tract to cingulate gyrus (part of Papez circuit)
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Anterior nuclear group
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THALAMUS: integration of visual, auditory, and somesthetic input
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Pulvinar nucleus
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THALAMUS: memory loss results if destroyed
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Mediodorsal nucleus
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THALAMUS: (auditory info) brachium of inferior colliculus to primary auditory cortex
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MGN
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HYQ: Hemisdesmosome, cadherin, integrin, ICAM-1…Which joins only cells of the same type and does not attach cells to the basement membrane?
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Cadherin
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HYQ: Where does new bone formation take place in growing long bones?
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epiphyseal plate
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HYQ: A football player who was kicked in the leg suffers from a damaged medial meniscus. What else is likely to have been damaged?
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ACL, MCL
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MUSCLES: initial 15 degrees of arm abduction
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supraspinatus
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MUSCLES: lateral rotation of the arm
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infraspinatus, teres minor
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MUSCLES: medial rotation of the arm
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subscapularis
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BONY DISEASE: reversible when Vitamin D is replaced
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Osteomalacia/Rickets
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BONY DISEASE: excess osteoclastic activity results in disorganized bony architecture
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Paget's Disease of Bone
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BONY DISEASE: bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony architecture
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Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
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BONY DISEASE: soft bones due to defective mineralization of osteoid
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Osteomalacia/Rickets
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BONY DISEASE: failure of bone resorption leading to thickend and dense bones
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osteopetrosis
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BONY DISEASE: genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II
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osteopetrosis
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PRIMARY BONE TUMOR: MC malignant primary bone tumor of children
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osteosarcoma
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PRIMARY BONE TUMOR: MC malignant primary bone tumor in adults
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multiple myeloma
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PRIMARY BONE TUMOR: MC benign bone tumor
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osteochondroma
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PRIMARY BONE TUMOR: 11;22 translocation
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Ewing's sarcoma
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PRIMARY BONE TUMOR: soap-bubble appearance on X-ray
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Giant cell tumor
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PRIMARY BONE TUMOR: onion-skin appearance of bone
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Ewing's sarcoma
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PRIMARY BONE TUMOR: may actually be a hemartoma
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osteochondroma
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PRIMARY BONE TUMOR: Codman's triangle on X-ray
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osteosarcoma
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PRIMARY BONE TUMOR: associated with Gardner's syndrome
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osteoma
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HYQ: A man presents with pain and swelling of the knees, subcutaneous nodules around the joints and Achilles tendon, and exquisite pain the MTP joint of his right big toes. Biopsy reveals needle-like crystals. What is the diagnosis?
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Gout
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HYQ: What is the treatment of acute gout exacerbation?
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NSAIDS, Colchicine, Steroids
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HYQ: A patient has difficulty swallowing, distal cyanosis in cold temperatures, and anti-centromere antibodies. What else do you expect to see in this patient?
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CREST Scleroderma: Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasias
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HYQ: A patient with photosensitivity, arthritis, renal disease, and recurrent oral ulcers is taking primaquine and NSAIDS. What type of check-up should she be receiving twice a year?
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She has SLE so a renal workup
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HYQ: A 30 y/o woman presents with a low grade fever, a rash across her nose that gets worse when she is out in the sun, and widespread edema. What blood test would you order to confirm your clinical suspicion?
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ANA for SLE
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HYQ: CT scan of the chest reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. What is the diagnosis?
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Sarcoidosis
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HYQ: A 75 y/o man presents with acute knee pain and swelling. An X-ray reveals absence of erosion of the joint space and calcium deposits in the menisci. What is the diagnosis and what would you find on aspiration of the joint?
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Pseudogout - calcium pyrophosphate crystals
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SKIN DISORDERS: pruritic, purple, polygonal papules
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lichen planus
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SKIN DISORDERS: life threatening rash with bulla
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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
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SKIN DISORDERS: pruritis a/w asthma
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atopic dermatitis
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SKIN DISORDERS: pruritic vesicles a/w celiac disease
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dermatitis herpetiformis
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SKIN DISORDERS: allergy to nickel
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contact dermatitis
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SKIN DISORDERS: thickend scar especially around face/chest
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kelloid
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SKIN DISORDERS: antibodies against epidermal basement membrane
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bullous pemphigoid
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SKIN DISORDERS: antibodies against epidermal cell surface
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pemphigus vulgaris
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SKIN DISORDERS: parakeratotic scaling
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psoriasis
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SKIN DISORDERS: keratin filled cysts
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seborrheic keratosis
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SKIN DISORDERS: sand paper; predisposition to squamous cell cancer
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actinic keratosis
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SKIN DISORDERS: skin rash and proximal muscle weakness
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dermatomyositis
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SKIN DISORDERS: honey crusting lesions common about the nose and lips
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impetigo
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SKIN DISORDERS: hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis
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verrucae
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SKIN DISORDERS: histology shows palisading nuclei
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basal cell carcinoma
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