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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Name 7 examples of encapsulated bacteria?
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Strep Pneumo
Klebsiella H. influenza (b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa N. meningitidis Salmonella E. coli |
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How can you detect a capsule?
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Quellung reaction (capsular swelling)
India ink (capsule appears as clear halo) |
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What yeast has a capsule?
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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DOC for anaphylactic shock?
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Epinephrine
* What is the effect? |
Vasopressor
(α1, α2, β1, β2) * low dose selective for β1 |
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DOC for cardiogenic shock?
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Dobutamine
* What receptor? |
β1 (>β2)
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DOC for septic shock?
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Norepinephrine
* What receptor? |
α1 > β1 (no β2 so less heart effects)
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Distinguish hyperacute organ rejection
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Type II hypersensitivity
* Time frame? |
Within minutes
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Distinguish acute organ rejection
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Cell-mediated attack on MHC
* Time frame? |
Weeks to months
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Distinguish chronic organ rejection
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Antibody-mediated vascular damage
* Time frame? |
Months to years
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Distinguish graft-vs-host
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Type IV hypersensitivity
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What antibiotics are used for narrow spectrum anaerobic coverage?
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Clindamycin
Metronidazole * What are the anaerobes? |
Bacillus
Clostridium |
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What portion of the brachial plexus is injured in Erb-Duchene Palsy?
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Upper trunk (C5, C6)
* What are the symptoms? |
Paralysis of abductors (limbs hang by side)
Paralysis of lateral rotators (medially rotated) Loss of biceps (pronated) |
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in vascular smooth muscle?
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β1 > α1
* What effects are mediated? |
Vasodilation
(increased cAMP in vascular smooth muscle inhibits MLCK & results in less contractile force = relaxation) |
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in renal vasculature?
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D1
* What effects are mediated? |
Vasodilation
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in the heart?
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β1
* What effects are mediated? |
↑ HR
↑ Contractility |
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in the pulmonary bronchioles?
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β2
* What effects are mediated? |
Bronchodilation
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in presynaptic neurons?
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α2
* What effects are mediated? |
Inhibit Ach release
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in the pupillary sphincter?
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α1
* What effects are mediated? |
Mydriasis (dilation)
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in kidney JG cells?
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β1
* What effects are mediated? |
↑ Renin release
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in β cells (pancreas)?
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α2
* What effects are mediated? |
↓ insulin
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in α cells (pancreas)?
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β2
* What effect is mediated? |
↑ glucagon
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Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in the liver?
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β2
* What effect is mediated? |
↑ gluconeogenesis
↑ glycogenolysis |
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HY: elastic skin, joint hypermobility
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Ehlers-Danos
* Defect? |
Type III collagen
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HY: enlarged, hard left supraclavicular lymph node
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Virchow's node- gastric cancer
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HY: large "bull's eye" rash
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Lyme disease
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HY: strawberry tongue
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Kawasaki disease
Scarlet fever |
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HY: resting tremor, rigidity
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Parkinsons
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HY: rash on palms & soles
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"CARS"
Coxsackie A Rickettsia (RMSF) Secondary Syphillis |
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What cytokines are secreted by Th1 cells?
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IFN-γ
IL-2 |
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What cytokines are secreted by Th2 cells?
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IL-10
IL-4 IL-5 |
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What are the 3 different G proteins?
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Gs
Gi Gq * Effects? |
Gs: ↑cAMP, ↑PKA
Gi: ↓cAMP, ↓PKA Gq: ↑PLC, ↑IP3/DAG, ↑Ca2+, ↑PKC |
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What receptors use Gs?
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β1
β2 D1 H2 V2 |
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What receptors use Gi?
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"MAD 2's"
M2 α2 D2 |
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What receptors use Gq?
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"HAVe 1 M&M"
H1 α1 V1 M1 M3 |
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Drug category ends in -ane?
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Inhaled anesthetics
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Drug category ends in -azine?
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Anti-emetics
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Drug category ends in -tidine?
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H2 antagonist
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Drug category ends in -tropin?
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Pituitary
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Drug category ends in -chol?
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Cholinergic agonists
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Drug category ends in
-bendazole? |
Anti-parasites
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Drug category ends in -azepam?
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Benzos
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Drug category ends in -conazole?
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Anti-fungals
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Drug category ends in -triptyline?
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TCAs
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Drug category ends in -zosin?
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α1 antagonists
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Drug category ends in -stigmine?
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Anti-muscarinic
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Drug category ends in -dipine?
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Dihydropyridine Ca2+ blockers
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