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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What primary hormone is increased or decreased in Cushing's Syndrome?
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↑ ACTH
* Leads to increase in? |
Cortisol
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What primary hormone is increased or decreased in Conn's Syndrome?
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↑ Aldosterone
* Leads to what changes in the blood? |
Increased Na+, decreased K+, decreased H+, increased HCO3-
Metabolic alkalosis |
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What primary hormone is increased or decreased in Addison's Disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)?
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↓ Aldosterone (salt), ↓ Cortisol (sugar), ↓ Androgens (sex)
* Layer of adrenal cortex for each? |
Aldosterone (zona granulosa)
Cortisol (zona fasciculata) Androgens (zona reticularis) |
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What primary hormone is increased or decreased in Graves' Disease?
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↑ TSH
* Leads to increase in? |
T3 & T4
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What is the function of MacConkey's agar?
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Selects for Gram (+) lactose fermenters; turns pink
Crystal violet & bile salts inhibit Gram (-) |
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Name the 5 classes of medications used to treat glaucoma.
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α-agonists
Muscarinic agonists β-blockers CA inhibitors Prostaglandins ("prost") |
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Patient presents with: angiofibroma, ash-leaf spots, history of seizures, & mental retardation. Condition?
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Tuberous sclerosis
* What neoplasms are they at risk for developing? |
Astrocytoma
Angiomyolipoma Cardia rhabdomyoma |
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What is the cause of achalasia & how is it diagnosed?
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Loss of tone at the LES (in the myenteric plexus) leads to loss of relaxation; due to Chagas' or nerve damage (CREST)
Dx: Barium swallow |
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What are the leading causes of death in ages 15-24 yr?
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Injuries
Homicide Suicide Cancer Heart disease |
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What are the leading causes of death in ages 25-64?
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Cancer
Heart disease Injury Suicide Stroke |
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see: anti-GBM antibodies on IF?
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Good Pasture's
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see: Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions on light microscope?
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Diabetic nephropathy
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see: "Spike & Dome" appreance on EM?
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Membranous glomerulonephritis
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see: "Tram Track" of subendothelial humps on EM?
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Membranoproliferative Type I
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see: subepithelial humps on EM?
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Acute glomerulonephritis (post-Strep)
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What are the clinical uses for Metronidazole?
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"GET GAP on the Metro"
Giardia Entamoeba Trichomonas Gardnerella vaginalis Anaerobes (Bacteriodes, Clostridium) H. Pylori |
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What are the 2 most common complications after an MI?
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Cardiac arrhythmias
Left ventricular failure & pulmonary edema |
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What is Dresslers' syndrome?
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an auto-immune reaction that results in fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post-MI
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What is the cause of Chronic Granulomatous Disease?
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Lack of NADPH Oxidase results in ↓ ROS and absent respiratory burst by neutrophils
* What would labs show? |
Negative Nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test
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What are the consequences of CGD?
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↑ susceptibility to catalase (+) organisms: S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus
* What is the treatment? |
Tx: Bactrim & IFN-γ
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What is the WAGR complex?
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What you commonly see in Wilm's Tumor:
Wilm's Tumor Aniridia (congenital lack of iris) Genitourinary malformation Retardation (mental/motor) |
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Wilm's tumor is a result of what mutation & is most common in what population?
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Loss of tumor suppressor WT1 gene on Chromosome 11
Most common renal malignancy in kids 2-4 yrs |
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