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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antimicrobials |
agents that kill or inhibit microorganisms |
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spectrum of activity |
range of organisms that an antimicrobial kills or inhibits |
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disinfection |
the destruction of the vegetative forms, but not the spores, on an object |
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sterilization |
the destruction of all organisms and spores on an object |
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disinfectants |
agents that are applied to inanimate objects to destroy the vegetative form of bacteria, but not necessarily the spore forms, and to inactivate viruses |
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antiseptics |
agents capable of preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agents on living tissue |
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formaldehyde |
-used for preservation of tissue specimens -carcinogenic |
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glutaraldehyde |
-cold sterilization, esp. for endoscopes -foot soaks for cattle |
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alcohols |
-isopropyl alcohol 70% -bactericidal -ineffective against spores and fungi -evaporates rapidly -inhibited by organic debris -may be used in cold sterilization trays or in wiping down thermometers and surfaces |
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quaternary ammonium compounds |
-effective against bacteria -not effective against spores and many viruses -direct exposure can be toxic to cats -ex: kennel sol (used as a surface and kennel cleaner in Newell) |
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chlorhexidine |
-surgical scrub- thick, soapy; may be used as a disinfectant to soak surgical instruments -solution- watery, used in cold tray, used as a spray to clean surfaces -ex: nolvasan |
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chlorine compounds |
-bactericidal and fungicidal -among the best disinfectants against many viruses -sodium hypochlorite = bleach -cytotoxic- do not use on living tissues -inhibited by organic debris -mixing: 1:32 dilution = 1/2 cup bleach per gallon of water; becomes inactivated within 24 hours |
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trifectant |
-effective against many bacteria, fungi, and viruses -comes in tablet or powder form; mix with water to form a 1% to 3% solution -stable for 5 to 7 days once mixed |
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disinfectants effective against parvovirus |
-sodium hypochlorite (bleach) -trifectant |
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nosocomial infection |
-an infection or disease that is acquired in a hospital or other health care setting |
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alcohol as an antiseptic |
-used as a rinsing agent when prepping animals for surgery -may be used to wipe injection or venipuncture sites -do not use in open wounds - painful and cytotoxic |
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chlorhexidine as an antiseptic |
-surgical scrub used to: clean animals' skin prior to surgery, scrub surgeon's hands -solution used to lavage wounds |
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povidone iodine |
-surgical scrub or solution -used like chlorhexidine -much cheaper than chlorhexidine -stains easily -some people are very allergic to it |
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asepsis |
a condition of sterility in which no living organisms are present |
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aseptic technique |
all steps taken to prevent contamination of a surgical site by infectious agents |
