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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What concentration of alcohol is necessary in hand sanitizers?
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60-70%
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How do chlorine compounds change protein?
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By denaturing protein
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What do we use chlorine to kill?
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viruses and vegetative cells
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Which halogen sterillizes?
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Iodine
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In what two forms is Iodine used as a disinfectant?
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1-Tincture of Iodine
2-Iodophor |
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Define Tincture of Iodine
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2% iodine in alcohol base
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Define Iodophor
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Iodine in detergent base
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How is Iodine affected by pH and sunlight?
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it is not affected by sunlight or pH
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Which halogen is effective in killing cysts?
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Iodine
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What is phenol?
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Carbolic acid
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Give four examples of phenol/phenol derivitive disinfectants
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1-Cresol
2-Bisphenols 3-Hexachlarophine 4-Chlorhexadine |
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WHat is Cresol?
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A phenol disinfectant and deodorizing agent
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What is Bisphenol?
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The active ingredient in disinfectant aerosols
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What are the features of Hexachloraphine?
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1-highlys bacteriocidal at low concentrations
2-Kills Staph. and Strep. |
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What phenol disinfectant was Hexachloraphine replaced by?
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Chlorhexidine
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What was the problem with Hexachloraphine?
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The pHiSoHex was absorbed through the skin in newborns and caused brain damage
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Which two alcohols are the most effective in denaturing proteins?
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1-ethyl alcohol
2-Isopropyl alcohol |
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Define Surface Active Agents
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Substance that reduces surface tension
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Define surface tension
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Strong attraction between water molecules
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What are 3 chemical types of surface active agents?
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1-Nonionic
2-Anionic 3-Cationic |
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What is surfactant?
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A surface active agent
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Define nonionic surfactant
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Reduces surface tension only
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Give an example of a nonionic surfactant
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Ivory Soap
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Define Anionic Surfactant
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It reduces surface tension and also emulsifies fat
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Define Cationic Surfactant
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It reduces surface tension, emulsifies fat, and is capable of inhibiting microbial metabolism
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What are "quats"?
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Quartenary Ammonium Compounds
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Give the features of Quartenary ammonium Compounds
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1-considered bacteriostatic
2-Cationic detergents 3-Good on most vegetative cells 4-Kill viruses and fungi |
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What are "quats" NOT effective on?
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1-TB
2-Pseudomonas 3-Hepatitus 4-endospores |
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What is the preservative/disinfecting agent used in eye solutions and make-up?
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Benzalkonium chloride
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What are the heavy metals used for disinfecting?
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1-mercury
2-zinc 3-arsnic 4-gold 5-silver |
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What is the problem with using heavy metals as disinfectant agents?
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1-Toxic to use
2-They are very costly |
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What are the two significant heavy metals used as antiseptics/disinfectants?
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1-Mercury
2-Silver nitrate |
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What organism is silver nitrate effective in killing?
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the gonococcal organism
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Which type of infections does zinc peroxide treat?
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wound infections
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What concentration of formaldehyde is used for formalin?
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37%
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What are two examples of Glutaraldehyde?
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1-glutarol
2-cydex |
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Which aldehyde kills pseudomonas?
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glutaraldehyde
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What is the advantage of using glutaraldehyde for an antiseptic?
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It is safe to use on skin and mucous membrane while sterilizing
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What is a chemiclave designed to do?
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Sterilize delicate instruments
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What does Betapropiolactene sterilize?
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Bone graph tissue
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Give an example of an inorginc base that is not too toxic to use as a disinfectant
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ammonium hydroxide
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What are organic acids used for?
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Preserving foods
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What do organic acid inhibit growth of?
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bacteria and some fungi
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What are the 2 oxidizing agents?
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1-Ozone
2-Hydrogen peroxide |
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Define Ozone
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Highly reactive form of oxygen
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What is the downside of using hydrogen peroxide?
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It is only short-term effective.
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What was the first anti-microbial drug?
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Penicillin
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What are the 2 categories of anti-microbial drugs?
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1-Synthetic
2-Antibiotic |
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Define antibiotic
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Chemical produced by a living organism to kill other kinds of organisms
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Define antibiosis
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The ability to produce an antibiotic
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Name the four important sources for antibiotics for us
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1-Bacillus
2-Penicillium 3-Streptomyces 4-Cephalosporium |
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Name a drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis
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Penicillin
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