Diseases Of The Oropharynx And Esophagus

Front 1

Cricopharyngeal achalasia

Back 1

congenital in cocker spaniels, springer spaniels; can be acquired.
failure of pharyngoesophageal sphincter to relax
-->inability to swallow food, no problem with liquid

Front 2

Esophageal Foreign Bodies
1. Diagnosis
2. Tx
3. Complications

Back 2

1. radiographs (contrast or survey), do not use barium if suspect perforation.
2. removal by surgery or endoscopy (preferred). treat for esophagitis.
3. perforation, segmental hypomotility, bronchoesophageal fistula, stricture, pressure necrosis

Front 3

Esophageal Strictures
1. Causes
2. Diagnosis
3. Tx

Back 3

1. foreign body or gastroesophageal reflux are most common causes
2. positive contrast rads, endoscopy
3. medical management preferred: balloon dilation, bougienage, treat esophagitis, corticosteroids
surgical if -med mgmt fails-perforation- near gastroesophageal junction-hiatal hernia

Front 4

Esophageal masses
1. DDx
Periesophageal Masses
2. Ddx

Back 4

1. SCC, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, sarcomas or metastatic granulomas (assoc with S, lupi)
2. hilar lymphadenopathy, mediastinal lymphosarcoma, abscess, granuloma

Front 5

Vascular Ring Anomalies
1. most common cause

Back 5

1. PRAA (can be ligamentum arteriosum, aorta, pulmonary artery, trachea)

Front 6

Gastroesophageal Reflux
1. Etiologies
2. Consequence

Back 6

1. prolonged preanesthetic fasting, Premeds (esp xylazine and atropine), General anesthesia, Esophageal foreign bodies, intra-abdominal procedures
2. esophagitis

Front 7

Esophagitis
1. Causes
2. Treatment
3. Complications

Back 7

1. gastroesophageal reflux (most common), caustic agents, chronic vomiting, trauma, foreign bodies
2. rest esophagus for 48-72 hours, small frequent meals, pharmacologic management consists of H2R antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, prokinetic agents, corticosteroids?, mucosal protectives
3. esophageal stricture of damage muscularis

Front 8

Megaesophagus
1. definition
2. breed predisposition
3. pathogenesis
4. Diagnosis
5. Tx

Back 8

1. diffusely dilated esophagus with decreased to absent motor function
2. Dogs: G. Shepherd, Dane, Irish setter, Min. Schnauzer, Wire-haired fox terrier
Cats: Abyssinian, Siamese
3. idiopathic (most cases), may be congenital, secondary

Hint 8

4. Thoracic rads, fluoroscopy, esophageal manometry and scintigraphy, + min database, thyroid testing, Ach Ab test, ACTH stimulation, blood lead level, CK concentration, antinuclear Ab test
5. liquid to semi-liquid food, elevated, multiple feedings, gastrostomy.Complication includes aspiration pneumonia.

Front 9

Clinical Signs Small Bowel Diarrhea

Back 9

weight loss, vomiting, flatulence, N to Inc freq, Inc volume, possible melena

Front 10

Clinical Signs Large Bowel Diarrhea

Back 10

marked inc freq, N to inc volume, usually tenesmus and urgency, mucuous, hematochezia

Front 11

Diagnostics for SI tract disease

Back 11

1. Clinical signs
2. Hematology: anemia, microcytosis, eosinophilia, neutrophilia
3. Biochemistry: hypoproteinemia, -cholesterolemia, TGemia
4. TLI: low with EPI
5. UA: r/o renal disease
6. Diagnostic Imaging: survey rads, upper GI series, ultrasonagraphy
7. Fecal: float, culture, cytology
8. Histopathology
9. Surgery vs. endoscopy

Front 12

Canine Parvovirus
1. signs
2. tx

Back 12

1. leukopenia, electrolyte abnormalities, prerenal azotemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoglycemia
2. isolation, fluid therapy, antibiotic therapy, antiemetic therapy, nutrition, immunotherapy (G-CSF, endotoxin antiserum, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI), IFN)

Front 13

Canine Coronavirus
vs.
Distemper

Back 13

clinical signs similar to CPV (but no leukopenia)

lymphopenia, atypical lymphs, inclusion bodies

Front 14

Feline Panleukopenia
1. clinical presentations (4)
2. Diagnosis
3. Tx

Back 14

1. Asymptomatic, Peracute, Acute, Transplacental
2. no approved Ag test, hematology shows leukopenia +/- anemia, thrombocytopenia
3. most cats die of bacterial sepsis so antibiotics important, otherwise similar to CPV, immunity lifelong

Front 15

Giardia
Important points.
Tx.

Back 15

Zoonotic
Metronidazole, Fenbendazole, Albendazole

Front 16

Mycotic Enteritis
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Tx

Back 16

common cause: Histoplasmosis, in MI, OH, MO rivers
-chronic weight loss, diarrhea, anorexia, resp, lymph nodes, ocular disease
-req. histopath, culture, or cytology
-requires weeks to months of therapy

Front 17

HGE
-clinical signs
-etiology

Back 17

-Hypovolemic shock, severe hematochezia and melena, PCV dramatically elevated (55-80%)
-etiology unknown but thought to be clostridial
*more common in miniature dogs

Front 18

Malabsorptive diseases
IBD
PLE
Which is most common cause for chronic vomiting and diarrhea in dog and cat?

Back 18

IBD