Diseases Mod 2 Canine Diseases

Front 1

Etiology: Canine Distemper virus

Back 1

Virus related to measles

Front 2

Epidemiology: Canine Distemper virus

Back 2

All canines (wild & domestic)
Ferrets, skunk, mink, raccoons, coati mundi
Wild Felidae

Front 3

How is Canine Distemper virus shed and for how long?

Back 3

Shed for 3 months in all body secretions

Front 4

Via what method is Canine Distemper virus infective?Why is this significant?

Back 4

Aerosol transmission
Makes it extremely contagious

Front 5

Is the Canine Distemper virus stable outside the host?

Back 5

No, easily destroyed by most disinfectants

Front 6

Initial pathogenesis: Canine Distemper virus

Back 6

Enters via respiratory tract
Trapped by local lymph nodes which become swollen
Within 5 days the virus escapes from lymph nodes into the blood stream

Front 7

How long does it take for the body to mount an attack against Canine Distemper virus?

Back 7

2 weeks post infection

Front 8

What % of dogs successfully fight off the virus after the initial Canine Distemper virus pathogenesis?

Back 8

50%

Front 9

What happens to the remaining % that don't fight off the initial Canine Distemper virus pathogenesis?

Back 9

Virus invades epithelial tissues all over the body
- ocular
- respiratory system
- alimentary tract

Front 10

What other system might the Canine Distemper virus invade?

Back 10

CNS

Front 11

Clinical signs: Canine Distemper virus
First 50%

Back 11

Mild bout of pyrexia, anorexia, conjunctivitis 5 days post infection

Front 12

Clinical signs: Canine Distemper virus
Unlucky 50%

Back 12

Same as first 50 %
Second episode at 2 weeks post exposure as virus replicates in epithelial tissue
- marked mucopurulent, crust, oculo-nasal discharge
- marked dyspnea
- anorexia, lethargy: become thin
- diarrhea and/or emesis if gut involved
Signs progress to dehydration with weakness, ataxia & convulsions

Front 13

Clinical signs: Canine Distemper virus
CNS disease

Back 13

May occur in association with, or months following the systemic disease, or in the absence of systemic manifestations
- Hardpad
- Involuntary twitching
- Ataxia, paralysis
- Convulsions, seizures resembling epilepsy, involuntary chewing movements of the jaw

Front 14

What is Old Dog Encephalitis due to?
What are the clinical signs?

Back 14

Due to inflammatory reaction associated with persisten CDV in the CNS
- Ataxia
- Headpressing
- Continual pacing

Front 15

Lab: Canine Distemper virus

Back 15

Definitive diagnosis made from serum or whole blood

Front 16

Treatment: Canine Distemper virus

Back 16

Isolate!!!
Secondary antibiotics
Symptomatic, supportive treatment
- IV fluids
- IV nutrition

Front 17

Prognosis: Canine Distemper virus

Back 17

Lucky 50%: Good
Unluck 50%: Poor to guarded
CNS form: Grave

Front 18

Necropsy: Canine Distemper virus

Back 18

Inclusion bodies

Front 19

Prevention: Canine Distemper virus

Back 19

Vaccinate
- breeding bitches and puppies
- booster annually

Front 20

Etiology: Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus

Back 20

Canine adenovirus - 1

Front 21

What other virus is closely related to Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus?

Back 21

Canine adenovirus - 2 (causes respiratory tract disease)

Front 22

What virus is used to make the Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus vaccine?

Back 22

Canine adenovirus - 2
Works because it so closely related and considered safer

Front 23

Epidemiology: Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus

Back 23

Canines
Bears

Front 24

How is Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus shed and for how long?

Back 24

Shed via urine, feces, saliva, nasal discharge for up to 9 months post recovery

Front 25

Via what method is Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus infective?
Why is this significant?

Back 25

Oronasal (aerosol) contact with infective materal making it highly contagious

Front 26

Is the Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus stable in the environment?
Why is this significant?

Back 26

Yes
Can live for weeks to months
Can be transmitted via fomites

Front 27

Pathogenesis: Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus

Back 27

Virus is trapped in regional lymph nodes including the tonsils
In 1 week it escapes and produces a viremia

Front 28

What tissues will the Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus localize in following viremia?

Back 28

Liver
Kidney
Lymph nodes
Vascular endothelium
Eye

Front 29

Clinical signs: What tissues will the Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus localize in following viremia? (typical)

Back 29

Anorexia, pyrexia, abdominal pain, emesis, hematemesis, ascites, diarrhea
Swollen tonsils and other lymph nodes
Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage on gums, vulva, prepuce, conjuctiva: bleeding around erupting teeth
CNS signs may occur (especially in foxes)
Corneal edema may produce a characteristic blue eye in 25% of dogs which is usually bilateral and disappears spontaneously

Front 30

Lab: Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus

Back 30

In house tests:
Renal damage
- Proteinuria (urine sample)
- Increased BUN (lavendar top tube)
Hepatic damage
- Bilirubinuria (urine sample)
- Increased serum levels of liver enzymes (red top tube)
Vasculary endothelial damage
- prolonged clotting time
Leukopenia (lavender top tube for CBC)
Pathology Lab:
Virus may be isolated from wbc's

Front 31

Treatment: Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus

Back 31

Isolation!!!
Supportive only
- Blood transfusions
- IV fluids
- Secondary antibiotics

Front 32

Prognosis: Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus

Back 32

Guarded

Front 33

Necropsy: Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus

Back 33

Hepatomegaly & edema of gall bladder is pathognomonic
Widespread petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage
Increased peritoneal fluid volume

Front 34

Prevention: Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus

Back 34

Vaccinate
- breeding bitches and puppies
- booster annually

Front 35

Etiology: Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough)

Back 35

Multifactorial:
Environmental factors
- overcrowding & stress
- poor air quality and ventilation
- high humidity
- closed-in housing
Viruses
- Canine adeno virus - 1&2
- Parainfluenza virus (lesser extent)
Bacteria
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Mycoplasma

Front 36

Transmission: Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough)

Back 36

Aerosol
Fomites

Front 37

In what kind of situation would Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough) be easily spread?

Back 37

Where many dogs are together especially in confined quarters with inadequate ventilation & high humidity
- Boarding kennels, shows, trials

Front 38

Pathogenesis: Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough)

Back 38

Inhaled pathogens damage respiratory tract mucosa

Front 39

In regards to Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough), which of the causative agents will cause the initial damage?

Back 39

Virus, bacteria can then gain a foothold and cause further damage

Front 40

What part of the respiratory system does Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough) affect?

Back 40

Usually limited to the upper respiratory tract via increased mucus production, forward beating cilia, sneezing, cough reflex and rush of wbc's
Occasionally infection may descend to the lungs

Front 41

Clinical signs: Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough)

Back 41

Sneezing
Nasal and ocular discharge
Dry, hacking, persistent cough especially when Bordetella present (vicious circle of coughing)
- Auscultation reveals harsh, loud tracheal breath sounds: but normal breath sounds over the lung fields
If lower tract disease occurs, pyrexia may be present along with depression

Front 42

Lab: Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough)

Back 42

Not common as cough is characteristic in abscence of pyrexia
PCR on deep nasal swabs can detect presence of pathogens
If lower tract disease is suspected, culture of trans-trachal wash is recommended

Front 43

Treatment: Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough)

Back 43

Isolate!!!
Antibiotics
Antitussives

Front 44

Prognosis: Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough)

Back 44

Complete recovery with treatment for upper tract
Invasion of lungs with resultant pneumonia, prognoses fair - good with aggressive treatment

Front 45

Prevention: Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (kennel cough)

Back 45

Vaccinate
Because of environmental factores, not considered an entirely "vaccine preventable" disease