Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Multiple sclerosis
|
characterized by myelin loss in central nerve fibers and resulting in conduction impairments[Nervous System]
|
|
|
Nervous Tumors
|
most neuromas are gliomas, glial tumors[Nervous System]
|
|
|
Multiple neurofibromatosis
|
characterized by numerous benign tumors that can progress to disfiguring, crippling soft tissue tumors[Nervous System]
|
|
|
Parkinson disease
|
characterized by abnormally low levels of dopamine in motor control areas of the brain; patients usually exhibit involuntary trembling and muscle rigidity[Nervous System]
|
|
|
Cerebrovascular accident
|
hemorrhage from or cessation of blood flow through cerebral blood vessels[Brain]
|
|
|
Cerebral Palsy
|
damage to motor control areas pre-natal or post-natal[Brain]
|
|
|
Dementia
|
-progressive memory loss
|
|
|
Alzheimer’s
|
It is the most common cause of dementia. It is a degenerative and terminal disease of the brain[Brain]
|
|
|
Huntington’s
|
It is a genetic neurological disorder and the most common sign is purposeless movement[Brain]
|
|
|
Seizure
|
sudden burst of abnormal neuron activity that results in temporary changes in brain function[Brain]
|
|
|
Epilepsy
|
Recurring seizures[Brain]
|
|
|
Neuritis
|
nerve inflammation[PNS]
|
|
|
Sciatica
|
inflammation of the sciatic nerve that innervates the legs[PNS]
|
|
|
Trigeminal Neuralgia
|
recurring episodes of stabbing pain along one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve in the head[PNS]
|
|
|
Bell’s Palsy
|
It is the paralysis of the facial nerve and it is the loss of facial muscle control. It can be caused by a brain tumor, stroke, or lyme disease.[PNS]
|
|
|
Shingles
|
chicken pox virus invades dorsal root, remains dormant, usually localized inflammation[PNS]
|
|
|
Stressed-induced disorders of ANS
|
: heart disease, digestive problems, reduced immune system
|
|
|
Neuroblastoma
|
highly malignant tumor of sympathetic NS; primarily effects young children[ANS]
|
|
|
Myopia
|
the eye is too long, pulling the focal point in front of retina; corrected by a concave lens on the eye, which forces the light back onto the retina. Causes nearsightedness[Senses]
|
|
|
Hyperopia
|
the focal point is behind the eye, focal point is blurry; corrected by a convex lens; the eye is too short; causes farsightedness[Senses]
|
|
|
Astigmatism
|
an irregularity (bump, divot, etc) in the cornea which causes blurred vision[Senses]
|
|
|
Presbyopia
|
anterior (front) surface of the lens becomes stiff and can’t bend as easily as it used to[Senses]
|
|
|
Conjunctivitis
|
Inflammation of the conjunctiva; interferes with light reflection[Senses]
|
|
|
Trachoma
|
reoccurring Chlamydia(bacterial) infection; is obtained by coming in direct contact with eye, nose, and throat secretions[Senses]
|
|
|
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
|
Pink eye; redness, irritation, and watering of the eyes[Senses]
|
|
|
Allergies
|
immune system causing inflammation[Senses]
|
|
|
Strabismus
|
improper eye alignment, can lead to blindness (cross-eyed, lazy-eye)[Senses]
|
|
|
Detatched Retina
|
It is a medical emergency that can lead to vision loss and blindness[Senses]
|
|
|
Diabetic Retinopathy
|
blood vessels in eye burst due to diabetes, can lead to blindness[Senses]
|
|
|
Glaucoma
|
increased pressure in the eye that pinches off tiny blood vessels that supply the retinal layer, leading to blindness[Senses]
|
|
|
Nyctalopia
|
night blindness caused by Vitamin A deficiency [Senses]
|
|
|
Macular Degeneration(two types)
|
Dry:caused by blood not getting to a spot on the retina
|
|
|
Color-blindness
|
genetic and X-linked; more common in men because it is a recessive gene on the X chromosome
|
|
|
Scatoma
|
the central visual field damaged; a large black dot in central field of vision, can only use peripheral vision[Senses]
|
|
|
Otosclerosis
|
inherited bone disorder where the stapes isn’t shaped correctly. First appears as tinnitus, or a sudden idiopathic ringing in the ears, eventually progresses to hearing loss[Senses]
|
|
|
Otitis
|
inflammation of the ear[Senses]
|
|
|
Presbycusis
|
deafness associated with aging[Senses]
|
|
|
Progressive nerve deafness
|
Is causes by long-term exposure to loud noise[Senses]
|
|
|
Meniere’s Disease
|
an inner-ear disorder; symptoms are tinnitus, nerve deafness, and vertigo. It is caused by increased pressure and volume in the inner ear
|
|
|
Hyperthyroidism
|
It is the hyper secretion of T4, T3= increased BMR. It is characterized by restlessness and exophthalmoses (protruding eyes). It is the inherited form of Graves' Disease.[Endocrine]
|
|
|
Hypothyroidism
|
It is the hypo secretion of T4, T3. May result in Goiter. [Endocrine]
|
|
|
Cushing’s syndrome
|
moon face, hump on back, elevated sugar in blood, frequent infection; caused by hypersecretion of GC's. [Endocrine]
|
|
|
Addison’s disease
|
muscle weakness, decrease blood sugar, nausea, appetite loss, weight loss; caused by hypersecretion of cortical hormones[Endocrine]
|
|
|
Hyper secretion of Adrenal Androgens (testosterone)
|
This disease may result from a tumor and it is the masculization of women.[Endocrine]
|
|
|
2. non-insulin dependent
|
1. hypo secretion of insulin
|
|
|
Anemia
|
inability of blood to carry adequate oxygen to tissues; characterized by abnormal red blood cell numbers and
|
|
|
Anaplastic Anemia
|
low RBC number caused by bone marrow destruction[RBC]
|
|
|
Pernicious Anemia
|
low RBC count caused by lack of vitamin B-12[RBC]
|
|
|
Folate-deficiency Anemia
|
low RBC number caused by lack of folic acid (B-9)[RBC]
|
|
|
Iron deficiency anemia
|
low hemoglobin caused by lack of iron[RBC]
|
|
|
Hemolytic anemia
|
abnormal hemoglobin that causes deformation and fragility of red blood cells[RBC]
|
|
|
Sickle cell anemia
|
inherited disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin causes characteristic RBC deformities[RBC]
|
|
|
Thalassemia
|
inherited disorder in which a small amount of abnormal hemoglobin is produced[RBC]
|
|
|
Leukopenia
|
abnormally low count[WBC]
|
|
|
Leukocytosis
|
abnormally high count[WBC]
|
|
|
Leukemia
|
cancer of the white blood cells; results in high WBC count; cells do not function properly[WBC]
|
|
|
Thrombosis
|
formation of an inappropriate stationary clot (thrombus)[Platelets]
|
|
|
Embolism
|
dislodged blood clot [Platelets]
|
|
|
Hemophilia
|
X-linked inheritance of inability to form essential clotting factors[Platelets]
|
|
|
Thrombocytopenia
|
abnormally small number of platelets[Platelets]
|
|
|
Stenosed valve
|
narrower than normal with causes a decrease in blood flow and an increase in blood pressure[Circulation]
|
|
|
Rheumatic heart disease
|
Delayed reaction to strep and it can damage heart valves[Circulation]
|
|
|
Mitral Valve Prolapse
|
Backflow from the mitral valve[Circulatory]
|
|
|
Arteriosclerosis
|
hardening of arteries; causes reduced blood flow, possibly causing ischemia that may progress into necrosis (gangrene)[Circulation]
|
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
disorder in which lipids and other matter block arteries. This can be corrected by vasodilators (vessel-relaxing drugs), angioplasty, or surgical replacement.[Circulation]
|
|
|
Aneurysm
|
abnormal widening of arterial wall. They promote formation of thrombi that may obstruct vital tissues. They may burst, resulting in life threatening hemorrhage[Circulation]
|
|
|
Varicose veins
|
enlarged veins which causes blood to pool[Circulation]
|
|
|
Hemorrhoids
|
varicose veins of the rectum [Circulation]
|
|
|
Thrombophlebitis
|
vein inflammation (phlebitis) accompanied by clot (thrombus) formation; may result in fatal pulmonary embolism[Circulation]
|
|
|
Renal calculi (kidney stones)
|
many block ureters, causing intense pain called renal colic[Urinary]
|
|
|
Urinary Tumors
|
renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer) and bladder cancer are often characterized by hematuria (blood in urine)[Urinary]
|
|
|
Urethritis
|
inflammation of the urethra[Urinary]
|
|
|
Cystitis
|
inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder[Urinary]
|
|
|
Pyelonephritis
|
inflammation of the renal pelvis and connective tissues of the kidney; may be acute (infectious) or chronic (autoimmune)[Urinary]
|
|
|
Hydronephrosis
|
enlargement of renal pelvis and calyces[Urinary]
|
|
|
Hypoalbuminemia
|
low plasma protein (albumin) level; caused by loss of proteins to urine[Urinary]
|
|
|
Edema
|
tissue swelling caused by loss of water from plasma as a result of hypoalbuminemia[Urinary]
|
|
|
Acute renal failure
|
abrupt reduction in kidney function that is usually reversible[Urinary]
|
|
|
Chronic renal failure
|
slow, progressive loss of nephrons caused by a variety of underlying diseases[Urinary]
|
|
|
GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
|
severe/ongoing heartburn[Digestive]
|
|
|
Gastritis
|
inflammation of the stomach[Digestive]
|
|
|
Anorexia
|
appetite loss[Digestive]
|
|
|
Nausea
|
upset stomach[Digestive]
|
|
|
Emesis
|
vomiting[Digestive]
|
|
|
Pylorospasm
|
irregular contractions of pyloric sphincter[Digestive]
|
|
|
Ulcers
|
open wounds caused by acid, occurs in duodenum of stomach[Digestive]
|
|
|
Enteritis
|
intestinal inflammation[Digestive]
|
|
|
Malabsorption syndrome
|
stomach not absorbing properly[Digestive]
|
|
|
Gallstones
|
crystallized bile salts, can cause jaundice[Digestive]
|
|
|
Hepatitis(A, B, C)
|
inflammation of liver, jaundice, anorexia, discomfort, gray-white fecal matter, dark urine, caused by toxins, bacteria, viruses, parasites[Digestive]
|
|
|
Cirrhosis
|
replace normal liver tissue w/ fatty fibrous tissue (liver failure)[Digestive]
|
|
|
Portal hypertension
|
increase in blood pressure in hepatic portal vein from liver backup[Digestive]
|
|
|
Pancreatitis
|
inflammation of pancreas[Digestive]
|
|
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
thickened secretions slows down pancreatic juices[Digestive]
|
|
|
Diverticulitis
|
inflammation of the diverticula(pouch in large intestine)[Digestive]
|
|
|
Colitis
|
inflammation of colon[Digestive]
|
|
|
Acites
|
fluid in peritoneal space- bloating[Digestive]
|
|
|
Leukoplakia
|
precancerous cells that are associated with snuff dipper's pouch[Digestive]
|
|
|
Dental caries
|
precursor to cavities that results in cavities[Digestive]
|
|
|
Gingivitis
|
inflammation or infection of gums, can result from poor oral hygiene, diabetes, pregnancy[Digestive]
|
|
|
Peridontitis
|
leading cause of tooth lose among adults, inflammation of periodontal membrane[Digestive]
|
|
|
Thrush/oral candidiasis
|
yeast infection in back of throat and tongue caused by a fungus[Digestive]
|
|
|
Congenital defects
|
cleft palate and cleft lip[Digestive]
|
