Disease And Disorders: Brain And Nervous System

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Addiction

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compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance, habit, or action to the degree that stopping causes server emotional, mental, or physiological reactions

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alcoholism

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chronic dependence or abuse of alcohol with specific signs and symptoms of withdrawal

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Alzheimer's disease

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senile dementia; chronic organic brain syndrome; characterized by degeneration of nervous tissue resulting in lowered intellectual functioning and untimely death

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Amnesia

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disturbance in memory marked by total or partial inability to recall past experiences

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

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also know as Lou Gehring's disease, affects motor neurons; characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness

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anxiety state

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feeling of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness that stems from the anticipation of danger, largely unknown or unrecognized

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aphasia

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inability to speak, write or comprehend speech or the spoken word; often follows a stroke

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ataxia

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inability to coordinate muscles for voluntary movement

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attention-deficit disorder

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characterized by a child having a short attention span and impulsiveness that are inappropriate for the child's developmental age

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autism

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characterized by a young child's inability to develop normal social relationships; child behaves in compulsive and ritualistic ways and frequently has poor communication skills, autistic disorder

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cephalalgia

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pain in the head; headache

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cerebral palsy

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caused by congenital brain defects or injury at birth; characterized by loss of sensation or control of muscle movements

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concussion

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violent shaking or jarring of the brain

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conscious

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state of being awake, aware, and responding appropriately

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convulsion

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sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of muscles caused by a disturbance in brain function; seizure

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Dementia

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slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including impaired memory, thinking and judgement

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dyslexia

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learning disability characterized by difficulty using and interpreting written forms of communication

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Encephalitis

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abnormal electrical activity of the brain; characterized by random, intense electrical discharges that result in seizure activity

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epilepsy

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abnormal electrical activity of the brain; characterized by random, intense electrical discharges that result in seizure activity

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Guillain-Barre Syndrome

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acute; rapidly progressive disease of the spinal nerves

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Hallucination

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sense perception that has no basis in external stimulation

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Hydrocephalus

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excessive amount of CSF causing macroencephaly

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Insomnia

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abnormal inability to sleep

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Lethargy

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lowered level of consciousness characterized by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy

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Marjor depressive episode

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prolonged period during which there is either a depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in activities

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Manic episode

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distinct period during which there is an abnormally, and persistently elevated, expansive, and irritable mood

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Meningitis

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inflammation of meninges; can be caused by virus or bacteria

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Mental retardation

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significantly below average general intellectual functioning accompanied by significant limitation in adaptive functioning

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migraine

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periodic severe headaches; accompanied by nausea and vomiting, auras, and throbbing pain

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multiple sclerosis

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chronic inflammation of central nervous system; attacks myelin sheath causing sensory and motor abnormalities

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Munchausen syndrome

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characterized by the "patient" repeatedly making up clinically convincing simulations of disease for the purpose of gaining attention

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Narcolepsy

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syndrome characterized by recurrent uncontrollable drowsiness and sleep

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Neuraglia

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pain in a nerve of nerves

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neuritis

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inflammation of peripheral nerves

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obsessive-compulsive disorder

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pattern of specific behaviors that are caused by obsessions and compulsions

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panic attack

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mental state that includes intense feelings of apprehension, fearfulness, terror, and impending doom and physical symptoms that include shortness of breath and heart palpitations

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paralysis

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loss of voluntary muscular control and sensation a body part or organ

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parkinson's disease

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chronic disease; characterized by tremors and muscle rigidity

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poliomyelitis

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viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord that may result in paralysis

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postpolio syndrome

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recurrence later in life of some polio symptom in individuals who have had polio and recovered from it

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Posttraumatic stress disorder

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development of symptoms such as sleep disorders and anxiety after a psychologically traumatic event

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Schizophrenia

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psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, incoherent disorganized speech, and disruptive or catatonic behavior

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Sciatica

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inflammation of the sciatic nerve results in pain along the course of the nerve through the thigh and leg

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stroke

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CVA; "brain attack"; caused by occlusion or hemorrhage of blood vessels supplying the brain; results in impairment and paralysis of the affected side

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syncope

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fainting

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tic douloureux

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inflammation of the trigeminal nerve characterized by sudden, intense, sharp pain on one side of the face; trigeminal neuralgia

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transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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mini stroke temporary, recurrent episodes of impaired neurologic activity; caused by lack of blood flow to the brain