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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Primary function is.... protects the..... reactive to hormones such as: |
to provide eggs for fertilization
developing embryo during gestation
estrogen and progesterone
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Main hormone is.... can be affected by abnormal..... |
testosterone
estrogen levels |
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What are some causes of Vaginitis |
Bacterial infections traumatic injuries Chemical irritation Canine herpesvirus |
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Common signs of Vaginitis |
Inflammation of Vulva frequent licking or cleaning of vulva Vaginal discharge
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Pyometra usually occurs in dogs older than ______ or _____-____ months after parturition and estrus. |
5
1-2 months |
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Open pyometra is |
when pus and bacteria are able to drain from the uterus-- purulent vaginal discharge |
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closed pyometra is |
when the purulent fluid is not able to drain, and is much more severe |
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The general Tx of choice for pyometra is |
OHE |
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clinical signs of pyometra that occur 4-8 weeks post-estrus |
generalized fever lethargic vomiting PU/PD dehydration Purulent vaginal discharge |
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diagnosing with radiographs usual shows what with pyometra |
often reveal large, fluid dense, tubular structures in the abdomen |
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Tx for pyometra |
sx intervention is usually recommended IVFT antibiotics Pain managment |
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What are some pregnancy disorders |
Fetal death Dystocia Abnormal maternal behavior Mastitis Eclampsia |
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The normal gestation for dogs and cats is ________. Fetus can be palpated about _____-_____ after breeding. Can be detected by x-rays at _____ days and by ultrasound at ____-____days. |
62-65 days
21-36 days
45 days
20-25 days |
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Abnormal or difficult birth is called |
Dystocia |
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2 causes for dystocia |
Maternal causes---exhaustion, pelvic abnormalities, uterine inertia
Fetal causes-- stillbirths, anomalies, oversized fetus, malposition |
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what are some signs labor is not going right |
dark green discharge or frank blood strong abdominal contractions and active labor lasting 1-2 hours w/o delivery if bitch/queen is in obvious pain |
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2 ways to deal with dystocia |
drugs such as; oxytocin and calcium gluconate(very good choice if problem is exhaustion or inertia)
Caesarian section(best choice when dystocia is fetal causes) |
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What are some signs of inappropriate maternal behavior |
mother is restless wont let puppies/kittens nurse increased protective behavior neonates may cry frequently mother may attack or kill young |
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ways to deal with inappropriate maternal behavior |
remove mother DO NOT BREED AGAIN! Keep neonats warm Tube/bottle feed neonates stimulate urine production and defecation |
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Name 2 lactation disorders |
Mastitis Agalactia Galactostasis |
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What is Mastitis |
Inflammation and infection of Mammary glands |
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is most common _________. |
Intact males |
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The only cure for benign prostatic hyperplasia is |
castration which causes a decrease in as little as 7-14 days |
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infection and inflammation that affects sexually mature dogs is...... |
Prostatitis |
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clinical signs of prostatitis |
fever anorexia lethargy caudal abdominal pain |
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what is the Tx of choice for testicular tumors |
Castration |
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testicular tumors affect ______________ and _____________ are at a greater risk. |
older intact males
cryptorchids |
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___% of all canine tumors are mammary..___% are malignant in dogs; ____% in cats.. __________ is the Tx of choice |
50
45
90
removal of masses |
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Cauliflower like masses at the base of the penis or preputial lining, and can also be seen on the vulva: are friable and bleed easily |
Transmissible Veneral Tumors |
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how are Transmissible veneral tumors spread |
sexual contact licking sniffing |
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what is the function of the urinary system |
nitrogenous waste removal water and electrolyte balance pH balance aids in BP regulation RBC production |
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what is nephritis |
inflammation of the kidneys |
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what is cystitis |
inflammation of the urinary bladder |
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what is urethritis |
inflammation of the urethra |
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what is balanoposthitis |
inflammation of the prepuce and glands penis |
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what are some common diseases of the urinary tract |
cystitis urolithiasis urinary obstruction incontinence acute or chronic renal failure |
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what are the presenting signs of feline idiopathic cystitis |
dysuria-painful urination hematuria- blood in urine pollakiuria- frequent urination inappropriate urination |
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some ways to treat cystits |
rule out infection via UA increase urine volume decrease stress dietary management--- canned food |
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clinical signs and diagnosis for bacterial cystits |
Pollakiuria, hematuria, dysuria cloudy colored urine licking urethral region UA |
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ways to Tx bacterial cystitis |
antibiotics avoid trauma to urinary tract treat any underlying disease, calculi, malformations |
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urethral plugs are primarily |
matrix |
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uriloths are mostly |
mineral w/ some matrix |
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Calculi can obstruct the urinary tract at any level leading to |
renal failure |
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what breed excretes excessive amounts of uric acid |
Dalmations |
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2 clinical signs of urethral obstruction are |
straining to urinate distended bladder on palpation
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what do serum chemistries show with uremia |
elevated BUN, creatinine, potassium, pH |
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tx of urethral obstruction |
reestablish urethral patency remove pressure on bladder( cystocentesis and back flush obstruction into bladder) anesthetic gel and massage of urethra to break up plug |
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renal failure is induced by?
And can be either _______ or _______ |
drug therapy disease geriatrics
Acute or chronic |
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clinical signs of urinary incontinence are |
urine leakage with cough, exercise, and sleep wet perineal area young animal w/ dribbling urine |
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tx of urinary incontinence |
tx is based on accurate diagnosis of underlying cause |
