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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Moh's hardness scale |
Mineral hardness |
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Approximate hardness of common objects |
Mineral hardness |
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Exploration -> mining -> enrichment -> extraction |
Obtaining resources |
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Magnetic surveys, gravity surveys and electromagnetic surveys |
Exploration methods - aerial methods |
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Seismic surveys, geographical surveys and satellite images |
Exploration methods - on site methods |
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Surface mining, underground mining, leach mining, petroleum wells and dredging |
Types of mining |
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Oreclose to the surface:Open-cut mine. |
Surface mining |
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Oredeep underground:Vertical shafts down to the level of the ore body then horizontal shafts. |
Underground mining |
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Alarge pit is dug and filled with water, a boat then uses large hoses to suck upsand. |
Dredging |
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Asolution that will dissolve the ore is pumped into the ore.The dissolved ore solution is then pumped to the surface. |
Leach mining |
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Petroleumoccurs as both a liquid (oil) and a gas, narrowholes are bored into the rock, a steel tower called a derrick is built to support the drilling equipment and theoil or gas rises to the surface and into separation and storage tanks |
Petroleum wells |
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Minerals, coal and petroleum (oil and natural gas) |
Resources |
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A naturally occurring liquid or solid in the earth's crust and rocks containing minerals are known as ores |
Minerals |
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Hardness: scratch the surface of the unknown mineral with various known Lustre: how shiney a material is Colour: useful when looking for minerals Streak: The colour left behind when you try to scratch an unglazed white tile |
Minerals properties |
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1 Formedfrom microscopic animals and plants that lived in the oceans and lakes between10 million & 160 million years ago 2 Plant/animaldied -> sank to bottom of ocean/lake -> covered with sediment -> heat decays them into compounds high incarbon -> sediment turns to sedimentary rock & carbon compounds becameoil or gas |
Petroleum (oil and natural gas) |
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1 Formed from plants that lived in swampy areas on land 2 Plantsdied -> covered by sediment -> high pressure, heat and lack of oxygenchanged & compressed the plant remains to form coal |
Coal |
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Aerial methods, on - site methods and satellite images |
Methods to explore for minerals |
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Magnetic surveys, gravity surveys and electromagnetic surveys |
Aerial methods |
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Seismic surveys and geochemical surveys |
On - site methods |
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Sensors detect radiation callednear-infrared, shortwave-infrared and thermal-infrared |
Satellite images |
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A core sample is removed and tested for minerals |
Geochemical surveys |
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Sent: A shock wave into the groundsurfaceRecorded: The reflected sound waves |
Seismic surveys |
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Electromagnetic devices:-> transmit a magnetic field-> which creates eddy currents in the minerals in the rocks-> which create their own magnetic field-> which is detected by the electromagnet device. |
Electromagnetic surveys |
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Gravimeters detect the differencesin gravitational pull from rocks and minerals. |
Gravity surveys |
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Magnetometers detect the change inmagnetic field from minerals containing iron nickel or cobalt. |
Magnetic surveys |
