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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fundamental theme of course
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Business chaleenges cause management to invest in IS.
The organization and technology influence the IS. IS enables business solutions to problems |
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Business Solutions Diagram
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Business Challenges: Problems AND Opportunities
Management: Top decision makers Organization: Five dimensions/ strategies Tech: Application of science, especially to industrial or commercial objectives Business Solutions: Improvement via chosen measures |
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Information Systems have grown...
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32% -> 52% of total invested capital from 1980-2008
hardware, software, and communications equipment AS cost goes down we find more uses for IS |
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Digital Firm
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Organization where nearl ALL significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are IT-enabled
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Business Process
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Logically related groups OF TASKS used to produce results
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Time shifting
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organizations use wider HOURS
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Space shifting
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Organizations use multiple locations
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6 Strategice business objectives
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Operational excellence
New products, service, business models Customer and supplier intimacy Improved decision making Competitive Advantage Survival |
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operational Excellence
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Efficiency, increasing, productivity
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New products services business models
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Model: how a company creates, delivers, and sells product or service to create wealth.
new ways to deliver products |
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Customer supplier intimacy
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raising revenue and profits.
better engaged, better intouch and easier |
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Improved decision making
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use real time data to make better decisions
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Competitive advantage
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Best!!
better products at lower pricfes that competition cant compete with LARGE MARKET SHARE |
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Survival
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necessities of business
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IT
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computer hardware and software.
synonymous with IS |
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IS
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a set of interrelated components that INPUT data, PROCESS the data, and OUTPUTS the data in a more meaningful form to support organizational decision making and control
INPUT: Data Process: data into a more useful form Output: Information PEOPLE: Most important part of everything |
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Literacy
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Computer literacy: Information technolgy
IS Literacy: understanding management and organizational systems as well as technical |
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Three dimensions of IS
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Organizations
Management technology |
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Five Elements of Organizations
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People- Knowledge, Data, Production workers in the business functions
Sales & Marketing, Manufacturing & Production, Accounting and Finance, Human Resources Structure- Levels or power . Senior, Middle and Operational Mgt Business Processes- tasks Politics ----- use of intrigue or strategy in obtaining any position of power or control Culture- sets of assumptions, values, ways of doing things.. Look at the way THEY do things |
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IT Infrastructure
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Foundation
Hardware, software, databases, networks plus people who run/ manage them |
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Getting value from tech means acheiving the strategic objectives
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but getting value is not jsut about technology
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Complementary Assests
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Things required to derive value from a primary thing
primary asset is resources To get value from IT, other resources are needed. Skills/abilities/knowledge |
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Socio-technical approach
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Optimiszing social and technical systems together
Realistic compromise to optimize organizational performance |
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Business process
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Set of activities usually carried out in a series of steps
functional areas or might cross functional areas |
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Types of IS
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**Serve levels of workers in different functional areas**
Transaction processing systems Management info systems decision support systems executive support systems Enterprise Applications Collaboration and Communication systems E-Systems |
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Transaction process systems
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Operational
Record events and provide basic control reports Feeds virtually all other systems OLTPS online transaction processing systems |
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Management Information Systems( MIS)
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Info about organizational performance for middle management
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Decision support systems
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More analytive power tha MIS(analytic Models)
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Exec Support systems
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Top Tier
Digital Dashboard: one page screen with all critical measurments for key exec decision making |
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Enterprise Applications
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ERP- covers entire organization
Supply chain mgt- broad covering off everything. obtaining raw materials, manufacturing, and distributing finished goods. CRM- track every interaction with all customers Knowledge managements systems- Text is t |
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Collaboration and communication systems
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Internet based
cell phones Social networking Virtual world- avatars |
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E- Systems
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WEB BASED
e-commerce-- buying and selling plus ads, marketing, customer support, security, delivery, and payment all on internet e- business-- support major business processes plus e-commerce e-Government-- gvt with citizens, companies, other gvt agencies.... online tax reports |
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IS departments
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Computer programmers- write software
System analysts- translate business problems into IS solutions CIO- top manager over use of IS in organizaiton |
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AN IS Department SERVES end users
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there may be one dept per organization or one per each functional section/division/plant
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IT governance
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Setting of strategy and policies for IS function by top mgt such as centralization/ decentralization
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Organization
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stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the encironment and processes them to produce outputs
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Mediating IT and Organizations
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Environment
Culture Structure BUsiness process Politics management Decisions |
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Features of an organization
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Routines-standard operating procedures- things developed to cope with virually any and all expected situation
Politics- unspoken objectives/agendas culture- a powerful restraint on change Environment- finding external changes that might require an organizational response. Disruptive technologies- obsolete products, services, business models Structure- |
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Organizational impacts of IS-Economic POV
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can lead to moral hazards
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Transaction Cost theory
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Organizations behave to lower transaction costs.
Organizations use IS to lower transaction costs. |
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Agency Theory
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A principal employs agents
Agents behave in their own interests, and must be watched. Orgs use IS to monitor and manage employees |
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Flatten Organization
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IS enable more subordinates per manager
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Postindustrial Orgs
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IS enables less face-to-face work
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Resistance diamond
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IS inspire resistance
Task, technology, people, structure. they all must be considered for change if one is moved |
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Competitive forces model
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position and strategy of the firms determined by traditional competitior and also New Market entrants, Substitute products, Customers, and Suppliers.
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3 strategies for dealing with competitive forces
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Lower Cost Leadership- lowest expenses
Product Differentiation- Unlike competitors Focus on Market Niche- find target market and serve them best |
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Business value chain model
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Primary activities- most directily related to the production and distribution of the firms products and services, creating value
Support Activities- helping to make the delivery of primary activities possible and consist of organization infrastructure, HR, and purchasing input |
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Competitive Advantage-Chapter 3
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Sustainable Competitive advantage!!
Aligning IT with Business objectives gains Competitive Advantage.-Purpose of 3 Frameworks |
