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112 Cards in this Set
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What therapy is a systematic, focused process relying on assessment, client engagement & rapid implementation (6-20 sessions), provide clients with tools to change basic attitudes and behaviors to handle a variety of underlying problems rather than long-scale or pervasive change, focus on the present, termination is discussed from the beginning? |
Brief therapy |
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What therapy treats the family as a unified whole, system of interacting parts in which change in any part affects the functioning of the whole, family is unit for diagnosis and treatment, behaviors and communication are emphasized, goal is to interrupt pattern and replace it with new non-dysfunctional pattern, move towards flexibility, consistent structure? |
Family therapy |
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What kind of therapy repairs emotional cutoff (of enmeshed family member), acknowledges triangulation, coaches, identifies family rules (previously unspoken), diagrams a genogram, and restructures roles (establishing boundaries, modify patterns, shift family interaction during interview, assign homework, define interactional patterns, sculpt or using psychodrama) |
Family therapy |
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Which family therapy finds the problems are a result of fusion among family members due to inadequate individuation, tension is resolved in the family by triangulating third party into the interaction, goal is to increase differentation of individuals, avoid the need for triangulation? |
Bowen's multigenerational/intergenerational approach |
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What family therapy stresses family organization, worker joins the family to restructure, boundaries and the rules are crucial in 3 ways: 1. interpersonal boundaries define individual (dysfunction- rigid enmeshment or disengagement), 2. boundaries with outside world define family unit, permeable allows contact and recipricol exchanges with outside world, 3. hierarchical organization in families maintained by generational boundaries, rules about roles |
Minuchin's structural family therapy |
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What therapy uses communication theory to examine dysfunctional family patterns, implicit family rules are made explicit, uses in vivo therapeutic experiences, helps family members to overcome fear of change, fixed communication roles are placater, blamer, leveler, and distracter |
Satir's Communication/Interaction Family therapy |
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What family therapy assumes all problems have multiple origins, a presenting problem is viewed, presenting problem is a symptom and response to current dysfunction in family interaction, presenting problem is presented, alters feedback cycle that maintain the symtpomatic behavior, techniques of relabeling (change meaning of bx so the meaning is less negative), reframing, directives, paradoxical instructions (prescribe symptomatic so pt realizes they can control it, use strength of resistance to change to move towards goal) |
Haley/Palo Alto Group's Strategic family therapy |
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What therapeutic approach to family therapy integrates ideas from psychoanalytic and object relations theory with principles of family systems, reflect on family dynamics as well as societal, cultural, and environmental factors, use working alliance to achieve greater harmony between individual and family needs? |
Ackerman's psychodynamic approach |
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What family therapy approach is based on social learning and exchange theory, bx is learned and maintained by contingencies in individual's social environment, change the consequences of bx and alter reinfocements |
Behavioral family therapy approach |
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What is the purpose of social group work (started with Coyle in 1935)? |
Enhancement of social functioning, worker helps member change environment or behavior through interpersonal experience, emphasize conscious components, working on a common group goal, group is the major helping agent, individual self-actualization occurs |
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What is the focus of group psychotherapy? |
Treatment of pathology or illness, major or minor change in personality structure or changing a specific emotional or behavioral problems |
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What are the 5 stages of group development? |
1. Pre-affiliation (Forming, development of trust) 2. Power and control (Storming, struggle for ind. autonomy & group identification) 3. Intimacy (Norming, utilize self in service of group) 4. Differentiation (Performing, accept each other as distinct individuals) 5. Separation/Termination (Adjourning, independence) |
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What are instillation of hope, universality, altruism, interpersonal learning, self-understanding and insight, existential learning? |
Curative/universal factors/how groups help (Yalom) |
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What do group size of 5-10, homogeneity, participation in goal and norm setting for group, interdependence, and member stability encompass? |
Factors that increase group cohesion |
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What are the contraindications for group participation? |
Client in crisis, suicidal, compulsive need for attention (borderline personality disorder), actively psychotic, paranoid |
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What is a process that occurs during group decision making when discussion strengthens a dominant point of view and results in a shift to a more extreme position than any of the members would adopt on his/her own? |
Group polarization |
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What occurs when high group cohesion and loyalty to the group and group members seriously undermines decision making in order to maintain a sense of" we-ness", possibly resulting in a poor decision, group leader can counteract by placing a positive value on open inquiry? |
Groupthink |
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What approach has the goals to alleviate stress and mobilize psychological capabilities and social realizes because the individual is experiencing a period of disequilibrium or crisis making them incapable of effective functioning or making good choices and decisions, ego patterns may be more open to influence and cormal/adaptivelyrection, person is at a critical turning point of coping |
Crisis intervention |
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What has the goals of relieving impact of stress with emotional and social resources, return a person to previous level of functioning (regain equilibrium) and strengthen coping mechanism and develop adaptive coping, here and now focus, time limited (4-6 weeks), directive, high levels of activity and involvement from therapist, therapists uses anticipatory guidance |
Crisis intervention, note: precipitating event of crisis does not have to be a major event, could be the "last straw" in ability to cope |
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What theory focuses on role (bx prescribed for an ind. occupying a designated status) role behavior as a basic script for behavior (with others), status (relationship to another person), social and individual determinants of role behavior (needs, ideas of obligations and expectations)? |
Social role theory, important terms: role ambiguity, role complementarity, role discomplementarity, role reversal, failure in role complementarity, role allocation (ascribed, achieved, adopted, assumed), explicit roles, implicit roles, role conflict, prescription, sanctioning, |
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What is the extent to which an individual believes that life events are under his own control or under the control of external forces? |
Locus of control Internal locus of control-own control External locus of control - under the control of external |
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What are the following types of power: power from control of rewards power from superior ability or knowledge power from acceptance as standard for self-evaluation; likeability; attracted to or identifies with person with power power from having legitimate authority content of message leads to new cognitions |
coercive rewards expert referent legitimate informational |
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What do the following traits increase: social competence, autonomy, problem-solving, sense of purpose and believe in the future? |
Resiliency (esp. related to children born into severely adverse situations) |
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What do the following environmental factors increase: presence of a caring and supportive person (love, trust, and connectedness), high expectations that convey a believe a person can rise to a challenge (respect, challenge, structure), opportunities to participate and contribute (belonging, power, meaning)? |
Resilience (esp. related to children born into severely adverse situations) |
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What is important when enhancing resiliency (which is developed naturally but can also be learned, stimulated and enhanced)? |
Process not the content, creating opportunities to experience connection, belonging, trust, meaning, should be the focus of the program |
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What involves interpersonal communication, group process skills, and empathy- identify and understand the perspective of others/ |
Collaboration, collaboration of multiple people and professionals can be very helpful for clients, collaboration necessary for case managers, starts with the worker |
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What are three important aspects of a social worker's communication? |
1) Interview is purposeful 2) Involves verbal and nonverbal communication between people during which ideas, attitudes, and feelings are exchanged 3) During the interview participants reciprocally influence each other Also, both people affect each other (Interactive and interrelational)and it is necessary for SW to direct so that it serves the interest of the client |
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What involves the ways in which information is transmitted, the effects of information on human systems, how people receive information from their own feelings, thoughts memories, physical sensations, and environments; how they evaluate this information, how they subsequently act in response to the information? |
Communication theory |
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What words describe the following concepts in communication theory: 1) anything people perceive from their environments or from within themselves, people act in response to information 2) responses to information that are mediated through one's perception and evaluation of knowledge receiving? |
1) information 2) information processing |
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What words describe the following concepts in communication theory: 1) how one's behavior has affected his or her internal states and surroundings; perceive what follows actions and evaluate perceptions 2) rules by which potentially available information is perceived and evaluated |
1) Feedback 2) Rules for information processing |
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What words describe the following concepts in communication theory: 1) defined by the messages implicit or explicit in communication 2) two have equal power 3) one-up/one-down position; unequal power 4) one person lets the other have control or forces him to take it 5) power struggle; trying to be one-up at the same time |
1) relationships 2) symmetrical relationship 3) complementary relationship 4) metacomplementary relationship 5) symmetrical escalation |
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What words describe the following concepts in communication theory: 1) offer 2 contradictory messages and prohibiting the recipient from noticing contradictions 2) prescribing the symptom; if pt obeys they give up control, symptoms don't serve purpose & stop |
1) double bind 2)paradox |
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What words describe the following concepts in communication theory: 1) context w/i which to interpret the content of message (nonverbals, body language, etc) 2) circumstances surrounding human exchanges of information 3) failure to perceive & evaluate potentially useful new info |
1) metacommuncation 2) contest 3) information processing block |
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According to the NASW Code of Ethics, how much information should be gathered in communication with clients? |
Only information essential for providing services (minimum necessary to achieve purpose) |
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What do the following axioms represent: 1) one cannot not communicate 2) every communication has a context and a relationship aspect such that the latter classifies the former and is therefore a metacommunication 3) Nature of a relationship is contingent upon the punctuation of communicational sequences between the communicants 4) People communicate digitally and anlogically (words vs nonverbal/context) 5) All communicational interchanges are either symmetrical or complementary, depending on whether they are based on equality or differences |
Axioms of human communication *In order to avoid difficulties in relationships, people need to make a commitment to metacommunicate (communicate directly and openly) when confronted with ambiguity and confusion |
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In research, which variable is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter and which variables is affected by the first variable |
Independent Dependent *In clinical studies, the treatment is often the independent variable and the outcome is often the dependent variable |
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In research, is it ethical to remove treatment in order to create a reversal design (ABA, baseline-treatment- withdrawal of treatmen) to determine if dependent variable returns to baseline (pre-treatment level)? |
It is unethical to withdraw treatment if patient were at risk for harm, also in a crisis you would not delay treatment in order to obtain baseline data |
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What research term indicates the following: 1) Can the results be generalized to other groups, settings, or times from one measure to another? 2) Did the experimental treatments make a difference in this specific instance? |
1) External validity 2) Internal validity 3) Content validity |
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What research term indicates the following: 1) To what extent do certain explanatory concepts or qualities account for performance to test? 2) To what degree does variation in test scores predict variation on some other measure? 3) Does the test focus directly on the behavior of the kind in which we are interested? |
1) Construct validity 2) Predictive Validity 3) Face validity |
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What must true experiments entail? |
Random assignment of subjects |
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What is the difference between pure and applied research? |
Pure- scientific, understand how something works better
Applied- done to find how to make something better or how to do it more efficiently (such as developmental research) |
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What may be the single most appropriate model of research for social work because it consists of methods directed explicitly toward the analysis, development, and evaluation of the very technical means by which social work objectives are achieved? |
Developmental research |
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What are the stages of the research process, in order, which a social worker should know in order to determine the credibility of a piece of research by evaluating each stage? |
1) Problem formulation (make problem statement, define concepts, specification hypothesis, statement of assumptions, relate to a theory) 2) Research measurement design (decide how data will be collected, what instrument will be used, how data will be coded and analyzed, relate data to original problem formulation) 3) Data Analysis |
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Which of the research terms match the following definitions: 2) test of statistical significance difference between sample means 3) test of statistical significance that measures the difference between observed frequencies and expected frequencies due to chance, values less than .05 are statistically significant |
1) random error 2) t-test 3) chi square |
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What is the primary objective of management and the purpose of social welfare administration and administration? |
1) enhancement of service resources and service effectiveness 2) goal attainment and organizational maintenance activities, 3) a political process that is concerned with when, why, how, and to whom services are allocation |
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What theoretical approach to management and administration emphasizes that pay is the most effective motivator, utilizes approaches to optimize efficiency and effectiveness through proven principles? |
Scientific management theory, bold is theory x |
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What theoretical approach to management and administration emphasizes that employees are self directed leading to an effective organization, emphasizes the importance of cohesive work groups, participatory leadership and open communication? |
Human relations theory, bold is theory y |
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What theoretical approach to management and administration focuses on application of goals, power and centralization, utilize informal relations, interdependence, adaptation, participation and assume bureaucratization is an ever-changing process? |
Structural functional theories |
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What theoretical approach to management and administration synthesizes the structuralist and human relations approach, bureaucracies viewed as social systems with subsystems whose functions are management, adaptation and maintenance? |
Systems theory |
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What kind of administrative activity involves efficiency issues, problem-solving, maintenance of resources, standardization of procedures, controlling agency functions? |
Maintenance |
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What kind of administrative activity involves quality of service, goal setting, staff development, evaluation: program/staff, public relations? |
Service |
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What includes almost all decisions of a government that affect the quality of life and impact the welfare of its citizens? |
Social Welfare Policy |
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What are the 6 phases of policy planning? |
1) Problem 2) Proposal 3) Decision 4) Planning 5) Program 6 Evaluation |
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What system indicates each item on budget must be an aspect or component of a program that carries stated objectives so that expenditure can be justified in terms of how activities contribute to objectives? |
Program Planning Budget System |
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What system indicates all activities in an organization must be aimed toward achievement of specified, agreed upon objectives? |
Management by objectives |
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Which kind of evaluations focus on what was done/process vs. what focuses on results/outcomes? |
Formative vs summative |
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What do the following criteria encompass: effort, impact, effectiveness, efficiency, quality? |
Criteria for program evaluation |
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Which program evaluation model 1) emphasizes the evaluation of expected results 2) focuses on only those outcomes specified in program objectives 3) monitors adherence to standards |
1) outcome model 2) goal attainment 3) quality assurance model |
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Which program evaluation model 1) studies impacts of other organizations and environment related to program changes 2) uses costs as independent variables to evaluate program effectiveness |
1) systems analysis 2) analtic model |
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What are the three functions of supervision for a social service administrator? |
1) Administrative (provide structure and resources) 2) Educational (provides training to reach objectives) 3) Supportive (provides psychological and interpersonal resources) |
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What are the three functions of public relations for a social service administrator? |
1) Education (to improve organization's standing in the community by educating public about social problems involved with/services provided) 2) Outreach (towards potential clients) 3) Advocacy (persuade the public that something needs to be done) |
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>Need-Heirarchy theory (physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization) >ERG Theory (existence, relatedness, growth) >Needs for achievement, power, and affiliation >Two-factor theory (lower-level needs being met prevent dissatisfaction) >Equity theory (inputs compared to outcomes) >Goal-setting theory (achieve goals consciously decided to pursue) >Expectancy theory (successful performance and valued rewards are contingent on effort) >Reinforcement theory (operant conditioning)
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Theories of motivation |
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What is the best way to motivate staff and raise morale? |
Participative leadership- group members share in decision making, decentralization of authority and involvement of subordinates in decision-making |
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Contingency Theory (leader's style is fixed and it is the environment that must adjust) Path-Goal Theory (effective leader carves a path for subordinates that allows them to achieve personal goals thru achievement of group and organizational goals) Participative Leadership |
Theories of leadership |
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What are the two fundamental tasks of task groups? |
Task accomplishments Group maintenance |
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What do the following steps entail: 2) an assessment of the conflict situation 3) the selection of an appropriate strategy 4) intervention |
conflict resolution |
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What do the following techniques describe: persuasion, superordinate goals, bargaining, problem-solving, structuring the interaction (used when previous attempts to resolve conflict have escalated the conflict), organizational redesign |
Conflict management techniques, can be divided into structural (reorganization, modifying), and interpersonal |
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What three processes are used to facilitate necessary relationships between specializations? |
Consultation, referral, collaboration |
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Why is it necessary to delineate and maintain clear boundaries between the board of directors and agency staff? |
It would be a boundary violation and conflict of interest for a member of the board to become a paid employee (or consultant) of the agency for which s/he serves on the board |
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Does a board of directors have more responsibilities in public agencies or private/voluntary organizations? |
Private or voluntary orgs. (general control and direction of organization) |
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What is a board of directors responsible for? |
Functioning of agency and performance of staff, classified as policy development, program development, personnel (executive/administrative staff is an employee of the board), finance, public relations, accountability |
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What has an emphasis on social and environmental factors, stress on prevention, concern with social reform? |
Community organizing thru 2 major processes of planning and organizaing |
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What do the following values underlie: enhance participatory skills of citizens, develop leadership, strengthen community members so they develop capacity to resolve problems, redistribute resources, planned changes, problem-solving process, advance interests of disadvantaged so they have a say about distribution of resources? |
Community organizing |
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What is a rational approach of studying and defining a problem, considering possible solutions, creating, implementing, and evaluating a plan? |
Problem-solving process |
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Which models of practice/community development are described: 1) Increase participation at local level, those in power need education about community probs 2) Study community's prob as the basis of determining solution, power elite can be a sponsor/employer 3) the enemy are those in the community who control community resources, only solved thru direct action (not discussion), change laws |
1) Locality development 2) social planning 3) social action, cooption- include the enemy in your group; social reform-change laws, working with orgs on behalf of disadvantaged) |
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When do the following prevention styles take effect: |
Primary- prevent problem before its initial onset (reduce incidence of new cases, environments that promote mental health) Secondary- treat symptoms, prevent recurrence or exacerbation of an already diagnosed problem or disorder (reduce prevalence by reducing the duration thru early detection and intervention) Tertiary- reduce duration of problems by reducing negative after effects (drug rehabs, reduce disability in chronic problems) |
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What follows the following process: 1) acknowledge problem 2) analyze/define problem 3) generate possible solutions 4) evaluate each option 5) implement option of choice 6) evaluate outcome of process |
Problem solving process *Keep in mind when thinking about problem solving throughout the exam |
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Which phase of community intervention involves problem recognition, problem definition, and assessment of information pertaining to a problem (needs assessment) |
Beginning phase |
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Which phase of community intervention involves goal selection, prioritization (community decision instrument), and goal achievement, community members taking primary responsibility in carrying out the community's goal? |
Middle phase |
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Which phase of community intervention involves operation and termination, change activity worker joins with but does not replace community effort, evaluation issues are addressed (which should be started by worker during implementation stage)? |
Ending Phase |
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Social network theory views social relationships in terms of nodes and ties. What are nodes and ties? |
Nodes- individual persons within the networks Ties- relationships between persons (when diagramming, nodes are points and ties are lines) *Provides an alternate view where the attributes of individual are less important than their relationships and ties with other persons within the network; used to examine how companies interact with each other |
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What are the five phases of community mobilization? |
1) Plan for community mobilization (appropriate leadership is key) 2) Raise Awareness 3) Build a coalition (there is strength in numbers!) 4) Take action 5) Monitor and evaluation |
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What are the four basic steps of action planning? |
Planning, action, reflection, review/plan |
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What plans to improve well being and quality of life in local communities, people focused, vital input into environmental and physical planning, particularly in examining social impacts of changes to the built environment? |
Social planning method |
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Which law provides that no person shall be on the grounds of race, color, or national origin be excluded from participation in, denied the benefits of or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance (leading to desegragation) |
Titile VI of Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
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Which law provides a variety of services to older Americans, established advocacy agency for older Americans, funds awarded to Area Agencies on Aging to develop and coordinate programs and services for older problems? |
Older Americans Act enacted in 1965 |
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What law protects the privacy of educational records so that the school must have written consent from parent or student to release any information from the student's record except for certain specified reasons? |
FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 or Buckley Amendment) |
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What law required states to 1) create an agency to investigate allegations of child abuse, 2) create a reporting system, 3) pass a law protecting children from abuse, key Federal legislation for addressing child abuse and neglect? |
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974 |
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What law gives American Indian nations or orgs jurisdiction over child welfare cases that involve a Native American child in order to protect the integrity of Native Indian families? |
Indian Child Welfare Act of 1979 |
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What law created Community Service Block Grant funds passed to states for distribution and regulation? |
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act |
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What law was a welfare reform act, emphasizing self-sufficiency and intended to reduce barriers to employments in order to replace welfare benefits with employment, states needed to create a Job Opportunity and Basic Skills program to give skills and education to find and keep a job, genetic testing for paternity? |
Family Support Act of 1988 |
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What requires covered employers to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid job-protected leave to eligible employees for certain family and medical reasons? |
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 |
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What laws were passed to increase the adoption rates of children of color and decrease the amount of time they spend in foster care, previously children had to wait until child could be matched to parents of the same racial/ethnic group? |
Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 and 1996 provision on removal of barriers to interethnic adoptoin |
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What law was passed to develop and strengthen law enforcement and prosecution strategies, developing and strengthening services for women victims of violent crimes? |
Violence Against Women Act of 1994 and Title IV of the violent crime control and law enforcement act |
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What law was passed to guarantees a free approriate public education emphasizing special education and related services to meet the needs of all handicapped children between the ages of 3 and 21 (annual IEP, least restrictive)? |
Public Law 94-142/Education for Handicapped Children Act, the education for handicapped children act |
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What mandated an end to discrimination on the basis of disability in in four areas: employment, access to public services, access to public and private transportation, and telecommunication services and provides for legal recourse in the event of an at of discrimination |
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 |
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What defines child abuse (including physical abuse, sexual abuse, mental abuse, serious physical injury, neglect)? |
Child Protective Services Law (Act 33 of 1985) |
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When will Medicare reimburse for home services? |
Only when there is a need for skilled nursing care and only if the patient is homebound |
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What is intended for people in financial need who are 65 or older or blind or disabled at any age, based on disability determination and financial considerations, each state is responsible for determining medical eligibility of applicants based on established criteria, if lost or denied, also lose other social services |
Supplemental Security Income |
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What is given only after meeting disability criteria and earning a specific amount of social security coverage before disability began, no limits for SSD, not automatically eligible for Medicaid or Food Stamps? |
Social Security Disability |
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What is based on the disability criteria provided by the Social Security act and depends on income, assets, and medical expenses, changes on state level |
Medicaid Eligibility based on means test |
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What is a nationally uniform program, administered by federal govt, for those 65 years or older who qualify for Social Security Retirement, some others qualify (end-stage renal failure SSD for 24 months+), partial payment for in-hospital, medical insurance for medically necessary outpatient (substantial co-payments and deductibles) |
Medicare eligibility based on age or disability |
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What are intended to replace a portion of wages lost through retirement, earning employment credits, earns employment credits toward retirement benefits, benefits are dependent on an average of earnings over an individual's lifetime? |
Social Security Retirement Benefits |
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What provides benefits to certain members of a deceased worker's family, dependent on surviving spouse's age and physical health, support for unmarried minor children and children who have been disable before age 22 |
Social Security Survivors Benefit |
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What is based on combo of income, family size, living arrangements, and so forth for eligibility, net income level calculated sing variables such as family size, expenses for dependent care, and medical expenses, not used for purchasing non-food items or take out food usually? |
food stamps |
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What should a social worker first consult when an ethical dilemma first arises? |
Code of Ethics, most widely accepted source of info about ethicsfor social workers |
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What is the primary mission of social work profession? |
Enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed and living in poverty |
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WHen a social worker's ethical obligation conflicts with agency polcies or relevant laws or regulation what should they do? |
Resolve conflict in a manner consistent with Code of Ethics |
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What is the historic and defining feature of social work? |
Profession's focus on individual well being in social context and the well being of society |
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If a client sues you, are you obligated to maintain confidentiality? |
No Priveleged communication is a legal term and client is the holder of the privilege (confidentiality is an ethical term) |
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If an ethical dilemma arises what steps should be taken? |
1) analyze consequences (who will be helped,hurt, what kind of benefits and harms are being considered) 2) analyze actions (from different perspective, concentrate on actions not consequences) 3) make a decision |
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What are these six stages part of: 1) clarify need or purpose 2) research resources 3) discuss and select options with client 4) plan for the initial contact 5) initial contact between client and referral source 6) follow up to see if need was met |
Referral process, keep in mind client's right to self-determination |
