Dinosaurs Test 1

Front 1

1. After a single alpha emission, Uranium-238 decays to

Back 1

a. Thorium-234

Front 2

2. A volcanic ash layer is found within a sedimentary section of Jurassic age containing dinosaur bones. Given that the half life of 19K40 is 1.3 billion years, and assuming that the ash has been a closed system, what proportion of the original 19K40 that the ash contained originally is left

Back 2

a. Much more than one-half

Front 3

3. Cross-bedded sand might be found in the _____________ environment of deposition

Back 3

a. Braided stream
b. Meandering river
c. Sand dune

Front 4

4. Epicontinental seas…are extensive in __________ time, when North America was separated into two land masses by the Western Interior Sea and Europe was an archipelago

Back 4

mid-cretaceous

Front 5

5. The CO2 content of the atmosphere changed from ________ during the present interglacial prior to 1750 to ________ as of 2005.

Back 5

a. 280 ppm, 380 ppm

Front 6

6. Which of the following statements is true concerning clades?

Back 6

a. Clades are monophyletic
b. Clades are groups of organisms in which members of each group are more closely related to each other than they are to any other creature
c. Within clades members chare a more common recent ancestor with each other than with any other organism

Front 7

7. Theropod hands generally have 3 functional fingers; the cast of albertosaurus hand at the front has 2 fully functional fingers; the little bone adjacent to them probably represents _______________

Back 7

a. A vestigial finger

Front 8

8. Bones in the tetrapod forelimb include _____________

Back 8

a. None of these (femur, tibia, tarsals)

Front 9

9. the animals from which tetrapods evolved were _______________-

Back 9

a. lobe-finned fish

Front 10

10. That velociraptor was a member of the Archosauria and diapsida is indicated

Back 10

a. The presence of at least one antorbinal opening
b. The presence of two temporal openings

Front 11

11. Powered flight in the vertebrates has evolved how many times?

Back 11

a. 3

Front 12

12. an example of a trace fossil is _____________-

Back 12

a. a dinosaur footprint
b. a dinosaur corprolite

Front 13

13. __________ is a process by which soft tissues are often preserved as thin carbon films, as for small dinosaurs found recently in China.

Back 13

a. Carbonization

Front 14

14. In Figure 1 at the end of this test, the tracks shown in the column “A” were produced by ____________ dinosaurs.

Back 14

a. Theropod

Front 15

15. In ______ rocks of ________ age are deposited in __________ environments is the best place to look for dinosaur fossils

Back 15

a. None of the above

Front 16

1. For tyrannosaurus rex, Tyrannosaurus is the species name

Back 16

False

Front 17

2. The “amniotic” egg is used by all tetrapods for reproducion

Back 17

False

Front 18

3. Amniotes include 2 great clades – the synapsids, which include mammals and their extinct “mammal-like reptile” ancestors, and reptiles

Back 18

True

Front 19

4. Dinosaurs are divided into 2 clades based on the structure of their skulls

Back 19

False

Front 20

5. A dinosaur fossil consisting of a few isolated bones suggests that the dinosaur died from old age, drowning or disease

Back 20

False

Front 21

6. The rock and fossil records are very complete

Back 21

False

Front 22

7. Sedimentary rocks and fossils are directly radiometrically dated

Back 22

False

Front 23

8. Georges Cuvier (and William Smith) independently developed the principle of fossil succession

Back 23

True

Front 24

9. Pangea broke up into separate continents and the Atlantic & Indian Oceans formed between the fragments, while Panthalassa decreased in size and became the Pacific Ocean, during the Mesozoic Era

Back 24

True

Front 25

10. Climate will not differ between a world with a pangea and a word with numerous separated continents

Back 25

False

Front 26

11. Fur is specific within mammals but general when comparing mammals and non-mammals

Back 26

False

Front 27

12. An ancesteral characteristic for dinosaurs is that theropod hands generally have 3 functional fingers

Back 27

False

Front 28

13. Hypotheses are proven by the scientific method

Back 28

False

Front 29

1. Chordata, Arthropoda, and Mollusca are phyla in the Kingdom Animalia and each phyla represents a different body plan

Back 29

True

Front 30

2. Primitive members of the Phylum Chordata (the phylum to which dinosaurs belong) are contained in the Burgess Shale.

Back 30

True

Front 31

3. Vertebrate jaws evolved from modified gill arches

Back 31

True

Front 32

4. Most dinosaur body fossils are altered after burial, although some dinosaur body fossils may be unaltered

Back 32

True

Front 33

5. During permineralization, porous material, like dinosaur bone, is filled with secondary materials

Back 33

True

Front 34

6. It takes the same amount of time for 10 grams of a radioactive element to decay to 5 grams as for 1000 grams of the same radioactive element to decay to 500 grams.

Back 34

True

Front 35

7. Where rivers deliver sediment faster than marine processes can redistribute it are where deltas transitional (shoreline) environments of deposition are formed

Back 35

True

Front 36

8. The Principle of Superposition states that the oldest layer is at the bottom in an undisturbed strata

Back 36

True

Front 37

9. An index fossil for the time interval 65-67 ma (also known as the Cretaceous or the Maastrichtian epoch) could be Tyrannosaurus Rex

Back 37

True

Front 38

10. The oldest seafloor in the Indian Ocean (off eastern Africa and Antarctica) is about 165 my old & represents the initial breakup of Gondwana

Back 38

True

Front 39

11. Because the continents are significantly dispersed & sea level is high due to fast seafloor spreading rates along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, Cretaceous climate is warm and moist

Back 39

True

Front 40

12. Hierarchical distribution of features is the most fundamental property of…all living organisms that have populated the earth

Back 40

True

Front 41

13. Charles Darwin (& Alfred Wallace) stated that natural selection was the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs.

Back 41

True

Front 42

14. Examples of homologous structures are dinosaur forelimbs & bird wings.

Back 42

True

Front 43

An epoch of the Late Cretaceous is the _______ Epoch

Back 43

Campanian

Front 44

The Kimmeridgian Epoch occurs during the Late _________

Back 44

Jurassic

Front 45

The Carnian Epoch occurs during the Late _____________

Back 45

Triassic