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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three Lineages of Dinos
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Theropoda, Sauropodomorpha, Ornithischia
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Hard Parts of Fossils
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Calcite - Most Shells
Ca-phosphate - Bones Chitin |
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Soft Parts of Fossils
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Desiccation
Freezing Amber |
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Permineralization
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Pore spaces mineralized
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Replacement
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Original solids replaced by new mineral
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Carbonization
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Progressive maturation of organic material
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Replication
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Imprints, molds and a casts
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Trace fossils
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tracks, burrows, borings, trails
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Dinos known
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approx 500 species
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Fluvial Environments
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Flood plain environment. Good dino habitat. Rapid sedimentation leads to higher chance of preservation.
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Lacustrine Environment
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Lead to the Ocean. Helps correlate the aquatic fossil record.
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Eolian Environment
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Desert like. Tracks are very common.
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Deltaic Environment
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Fluvial environment meeting a marine or lacustrine environment. Used to help determine dino habitat and correlate marine fossils.
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3 Periods of Mesozoic Era
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Triassic (248-206 mya), Jurassic (206-144 mya), Cretaceous (144-65 mya
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Natural Selection
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Those adapted best to the changes in the environment are most likely to survive
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Anapsids
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No post orbital opening.
Turtles |
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Synapsids
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One post orbital hole
Mammals |
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Diapsids
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2 post orbital holes.
Dinosaurs |
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Cynodontia
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Mammal-like reptiles. Carnivores from the Late permian to the end Carnian.
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Archosaurs
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Thecodonts, Dinos, Pterosaurs, Crocs.
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Ornithischian Dinosaurs
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"Bird hipped"
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Characteristics of ornithischians
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Cheeks, Armor (plates and spikes), domed head
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Stegosaurus
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Early middle Jurassic. Upto 7 species in late jurassic; 1-3 species in Cretaceous.
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Ankylosaurs
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same time period as stegosaurs. Has a club for a tail.
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Ceratopsins
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Frills, Horns, beaks,
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Horns and frills use
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Interspecies defense, Intraspecies behaviour (identification, dominance, territory defense, combat, reproductive success)
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Pachycephalosaurus
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Thick skulled
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Sauropodomorphs
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Huge dinosaurs,
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Prosauropods
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smaller than sauropods
long necks, short legs herbivore earliest form of sauropods |
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Sauropods, "Lizard Feet"
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Long necks, large herbivores
early Jurassic to end Cretaceous |
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Brachiosaurs
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13m height
long neck large forelimbs |
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Camarasaurs
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Massive skull
nose as the side of the skull |
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Diplodocus and Apatosaurs
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22-24m
long necks and tails slim body |
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Titanosaurs
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7-30m
teeth in front like diplodocus different vertebrae then other sauropods |
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Sauropod Anatomy
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Quadrupedal
7-40m small skulls Long necks and tails Massive limbs 5-toed hands and feet |
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Sauropod teeth
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Can be large with thick spoon-shaped or smaller peg-like
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Theropod, "Beast Feet"
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Bipedal, 3-toed feet, fused pelvis
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Ceratosaurs
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Horned lizard,
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Compsagnathids
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Delegate skull
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Tyrannosaurs
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Largest carnivorous land animal
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Ornithomimids
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similar to a bird, "Bird mimic"
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Ovirapters
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Egg Robbers
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Troodontids
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"Wounding Tooth"
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Therizinosaurs
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"Reaping Lizard", Scythe-like claws
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Theropod Characteristics
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Blade-like teeth, Curved sharp claws on hands, Bipedal, Hollow limbs, Bone in front of the eye extends to the top of the skull, Extra joint in the lower jaw, Humerus is 1/2 the size of the femur (upper arm is 1/2 the size of the upper leg), Expanded end to pubis
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Things needed to Collect Dino Fossils
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Permission, Site description, Excavation(safety), Preparation, Study
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Gastralia
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"Bottom rib cage", found in theropods, attached to the pubis bone.
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Furcula
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basically like the wishbone of Theropods
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Archaeopteryx
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First known bird. 8 skeletons and a feather. Probably not a good flyer. Its very small (300-500mm long).
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Ichnology
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Study of trace fossils. The study of the interaction between plants, animals and sediment.
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Dino footprints
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Good to see how dino walked. what type of dino. If babies walked with parents. Where they walked. nice thing is where the footprint is found, is where the dino actually walked.
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Dino Eggs
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used as a trace fossil. Only birdlike theropods have birdlike eggs. other eggs different. some dinos sit on its clutch (nest).
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Dinos that were nest sitters
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Ovirapters and Troodontids
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Dino Gastroliths
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Gizzard stones of many reptiles and birds. Difficult to identify
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Dino Coprolites
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Fossilized Feces. Determined dino diet.
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Pangaea
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Late triassic, One continent. Hot and dry. Small dinos
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